ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Glyceryl trinitrate for angina is most effective when given:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glyceryl trinitrate, also known as nitroglycerin, is a medication commonly used for the management of angina (chest pain). When administered sublingually (under the tongue), glyceryl trinitrate is rapidly absorbed through the highly vascular sublingual mucosa, leading to a quick onset of action. The sublingual route allows for the drug to enter the bloodstream directly without being metabolized by the liver first, resulting in faster relief of angina symptoms. This makes sublingual administration the most effective route for managing acute episodes of angina. Other routes of administration, such as oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, or intramuscular, would not provide the same rapid and reliable relief for angina.
Question 2 of 5
While assessing a patient who is receiving intravenous digitalis, the nurse recognizes that the drug has a negative chronotropic effect. How would this drug effect be evident in the patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digitalis is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It works by increasing the force of heart contractions and slowing down the heart rate. Digitalis has a negative chronotropic effect, which means it decreases the heart rate by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart. When a patient is receiving intravenous digitalis, a decreased heart rate would be evident as a result of this pharmacological action. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Decreased heart rate.
Question 3 of 5
What is the priority outcome for a 6-year-old patient who had been started on methylphenidate (Ritalin)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methylphenidate for ADHD risks appetite suppression-maintaining weight is priority, per side effect monitoring, as growth lags can occur. Avoiding fights, chores, and play improve but aren't immediate risks. Weight reflects health impact, key in kids.
Question 4 of 5
When teaching a patient who has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin patches, the nurse tells the patient that these patches are most appropriately used for which situation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transdermal nitroglycerin patches are primarily used for the prevention and management of angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin works by dilating the blood vessels, which helps to improve blood flow to the heart muscle and reduce the workload on the heart. By preventing angina episodes, nitroglycerin patches can help to alleviate chest pain, improve exercise tolerance, and enhance the overall quality of life for patients with angina. It is not used to prevent low blood pressure, relieve shortness of breath, or control heart rate during exercise.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is beginning isoniazid and rifampin treatment for tuberculosis. The nurse gives the patient which instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adherence to the prescribed regimen is critical in tuberculosis treatment to prevent resistance and ensure efficacy. Skipping doses can lead to treatment failure and drug-resistant TB. Isoniazid and rifampin are typically taken once daily, not three times daily. Antacids can interfere with the absorption of these drugs and should be avoided. There is no specific requirement to take rifampin initially; both drugs should be taken as prescribed.