Glucose entry into the cells of the following organ/tissue is highly dependent on the presence of insulin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of endocrine pharmacology, understanding the role of insulin in glucose metabolism is crucial. The correct answer is C) Adipose tissue. Insulin plays a key role in regulating glucose entry into cells by promoting the translocation of glucose transporter proteins, such as GLUT4, to the cell membrane. Adipose tissue is highly dependent on insulin for glucose uptake to facilitate the storage of excess glucose as triglycerides. Option A) Brain: The brain does not rely on insulin for glucose uptake as it can transport glucose across the blood-brain barrier independently of insulin. Option B) Liver: While the liver is involved in regulating glucose levels by storing and releasing glucose, its glucose uptake is not primarily dependent on insulin. Option D) Kidney tubules: Glucose reabsorption in the kidney tubules is not significantly influenced by insulin, as the renal tubules have specific glucose transporters that are regulated differently from those in adipose tissue. Understanding the specific roles of insulin in different tissues is essential for managing conditions like diabetes and developing targeted pharmacological interventions to modulate glucose metabolism. This knowledge is foundational for healthcare professionals involved in treating endocrine disorders and metabolic diseases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bromocriptine is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, making option C the correct answer. Bromocriptine's mechanism of action involves activating dopamine receptors, particularly D2 receptors, which helps in the treatment of conditions like hyperprolactinemia, pituitary tumors, and Parkinson's disease. Option A, "Stimulates lactation," is incorrect because bromocriptine actually inhibits prolactin secretion and is used to suppress lactation. Option B, "Is effective in reducing symptoms of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion," is incorrect as bromocriptine is not indicated for this condition. It is more commonly used for conditions involving dopamine-related pathways. Option D, "Commonly causes diarrhea," is incorrect as one of the common side effects of bromocriptine is actually gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea and constipation, not diarrhea. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of drugs like bromocriptine is crucial for healthcare professionals in accurately prescribing and managing patients' medications. Knowing the correct indications, contraindications, and side effects of medications improves patient care and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a thyroid crisis with hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, vomiting, dehydration, and shock, the correct answer is A) Metaraminol is usually not indicated. Metaraminol is a sympathomimetic amine used as a pressor agent to increase blood pressure in conditions like shock, but in a thyroid crisis, where there is already significant sympathetic overactivity, adding a sympathomimetic can worsen the symptoms like tachycardia and hypertension. B) Propranolol is indicated in a thyroid crisis to manage symptoms like tachycardia and tremors by blocking the effects of excess thyroid hormones on the heart. C) Intravenous saline is indicated to address dehydration and electrolyte imbalances that can occur in a thyroid crisis due to excessive vomiting and metabolic disturbances. D) Glucocorticoids may be indicated in a thyroid crisis to help reduce inflammation and stabilize the patient's condition. Educationally, understanding the appropriate pharmacological management of thyroid crises is crucial for healthcare professionals dealing with endocrine emergencies. It is essential to recognize the potential complications and select the most appropriate treatments to address the underlying pathophysiology effectively while avoiding exacerbating the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this Endocrine Pharmacology Quizlet question, the correct answer is B) III only is correct. Isophane insulin (NPH) is the insulin preparation that contains a modifying protein. This is because NPH insulin contains protamine, a protein that prolongs its action by delaying its absorption. Option A (I only is correct) and Option C (I and II are correct) are incorrect because Lente insulin and Regular insulin do not contain modifying proteins. Lente insulin is a mixture of semilente (short-acting) and ultralente (long-acting) insulin, while Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin without any modifying proteins. Option D (II and III are correct) is incorrect because Regular insulin, although a correct option, does not contain a modifying protein. In an educational context, understanding the composition of different insulin preparations is crucial for healthcare professionals and students in the field of endocrinology and pharmacology. Knowing which insulins contain modifying proteins helps in selecting the appropriate insulin therapy for patients based on their individual needs and conditions. This knowledge is essential for proper diabetes management and ensuring effective treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Mifepristone. Mifepristone is classified as an antiprogestin because it competitively inhibits the binding of progesterone to its receptors, leading to the disruption of progesterone-mediated processes. This action makes it effective in inducing abortion and treating conditions like Cushing's syndrome. Option A) Gemeprost is a prostaglandin E1 analogue used for cervical ripening and induction of labor. Option B) Megestrol is a progestin derivative used in conditions like breast cancer and anorexia. Option D) Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in breast cancer treatment and prevention. In an educational context, understanding the classification of drugs based on their mechanisms of action is crucial for pharmacology students. Antiprogestins like Mifepristone have specific therapeutic uses different from other hormonal agents, highlighting the importance of precise drug selection in clinical practice. This knowledge is essential for students to make informed decisions in patient care and drug therapy management.