ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of ________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: cortisol. Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, primarily in the liver. Cortisol plays a key role in stimulating gluconeogenesis by promoting the breakdown of proteins and fats to generate substrates for glucose production. Aldosterone, insulin, and secretin do not directly stimulate gluconeogenesis. Aldosterone regulates electrolyte balance, insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage, and secretin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion. Cortisol is the hormone responsible for activating gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Question 2 of 5
Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte and fluid balance, with aldosterone being the primary mineralocorticoid. Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism and immune response, with cortisol being the primary glucocorticoid. Therefore, the correct answer is C: cortisol. Testosterone (A) and estrogen (B) are sex hormones, not corticosteroids. Epinephrine (D) is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, not a corticosteroid.
Question 3 of 5
In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Up-regulation refers to the process where cells increase the number of receptors in response to increased hormone levels. Step 2: This allows cells to become more sensitive to the hormone and maintain homeostasis. Step 3: The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the phenomenon of up-regulation. Step 4: Option A refers to sensitivity reaction in general, not specifically related to hormone receptors. Step 5: Option B does not accurately describe the process of increasing receptor numbers. Step 6: Option D mentions a reaction to a stressor, which is not directly related to the regulation of hormone receptors.
Question 4 of 5
Steroid hormones function by binding to receptor proteins within the ________. Once the hormone binds to a receptor, it activates ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins in the nucleus, forming a hormone-receptor complex that directly influences the expression of specific genes. This process leads to the activation or repression of particular genes, resulting in changes in cellular functions. Choices A and C are incorrect because steroid hormones do not bind to receptors in the plasma membrane or use second messengers for signal transduction. Choice D is incorrect as steroid hormones do not directly regulate genes at the plasma membrane level.
Question 5 of 5
The release of oxytocin is controlled by _____ feedback.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: positive feedback. Oxytocin release is triggered by the positive feedback mechanism. When oxytocin is released in response to a stimulus, it further stimulates the release of more oxytocin, intensifying the effect. This continuous loop enhances the initial response, leading to a cascade effect. Negative feedback (choice A) works to maintain homeostasis by counteracting the initial stimulus, which is not the case for oxytocin release. Neutral feedback (choice B) does not play a significant role in regulating hormone release. Choice D is incomplete and irrelevant.