Glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress. They accomplish this by ________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because glucocorticoids, like cortisol, increase blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis, elevate fatty acid levels for energy production, and promote amino acid breakdown for energy. This helps the body respond to stress by providing necessary energy sources. Additionally, glucocorticoids can enhance blood pressure to ensure adequate blood flow during stress. Option B is incorrect because glucocorticoids typically increase heart rate and blood pressure to support the stress response. Option C is incorrect as glucocorticoids do not stimulate the release of insulin; instead, they can have an anti-insulin effect. Option D is incorrect as glucocorticoids do not block neurotransmitters but rather modulate the stress response at various levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for the development of the breast tissue and milk production in females. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in lactation. Oxytocin is involved in milk ejection, not breast development. Estrogen plays a role in breast development but not specifically in milk production. Antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance and has no direct role in breast development or milk production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regulates levels of glucose and minerals in the blood. The adrenal medulla is responsible for producing epinephrine and norepinephrine, not regulating blood glucose and minerals. The inner portion of the adrenal gland refers to the adrenal medulla. It is controlled by the nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine and norepinephrine produced by the adrenal medulla are involved in the body's fight-or-flight response, not in regulating blood glucose and minerals. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it is not related to adrenal medulla structure and function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because glucagon actually stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, not store glucose as glycogen. Glucagon helps increase blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, and it also promotes the use of fat and protein for energy when glucose levels are low. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about glucagon, making them incorrect options in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is responsible for triggering follicular development in females and sperm production in males. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, leading to the release of an egg during ovulation. In males, FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to support the development of sperm. A: Prolactin is not involved in the process of follicular development or sperm production. B: Growth hormone is not directly related to the regulation of reproductive functions. D: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for ovulation in females and testosterone production in males, but it is not the hormone that triggers follicular development or sperm production.