Glucocorticoid hormones alter bone mineral homeostasis:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Glucocorticoid hormones affect bone mineral homeostasis by antagonizing vitamin D-stimulated calcium absorption in the intestines, stimulating renal calcium excretion, and increasing parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all these mechanisms contribute to the overall impact of glucocorticoids on bone health. Choices A, B, and C alone do not fully capture the multifaceted effects of glucocorticoids on bone mineral homeostasis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - Disolum, Trisolum. These drugs are electrolyte solutions used to control water-salt and acid-base balance. Disolum contains sodium chloride and Trisolum contains sodium bicarbonate, both essential for maintaining electrolyte balance. Option A, B, and C are not directly involved in regulating water-salt and acid-base balance. Polyglucinum is a colloidal solution used for volume replacement, Haemodesum is a plasma substitute, and Glucose isotonic for injections is a source of energy and not specifically for electrolyte balance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Amphotericin B is known to cause renal impairment and anemia due to its nephrotoxicity and bone marrow suppression. 2. Renal impairment can lead to electrolyte imbalances and decreased kidney function. 3. Anemia can result from bone marrow toxicity, leading to decreased red blood cell production. 4. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as psychosis, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and bone marrow toxicity are not commonly associated with Amphotericin B use. Summary: The correct answer is B because Amphotericin B is most notably known for causing renal impairment and anemia, while the other choices are not typically associated with its unwanted effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Melarsoprol. Melarsoprol is an arsenical compound used specifically for the treatment of trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma parasites. It is effective in treating both forms of the disease, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). Metronidazole (B) is used for treating anaerobic bacterial infections, not trypanosomiasis. Tetracycline (C) is an antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, but not against trypanosomiasis. Quinidine (D) is used to treat malaria and certain heart rhythm disorders, but not trypanosomiasis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Busulfan. Busulfan is an alkylating agent that works by attaching alkyl groups to DNA, preventing cancer cell growth. Fluorouracil (A) is a pyrimidine analog, Carboplatin (B) is a platinum-based compound, and Vinblastine (C) is a vinca alkaloid - all these are not alkylating agents. Busulfan is specifically derived from alkylsulfonate, making it the correct choice for an anticancer alkylating drug.