Glucagon can be used in the following situations

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Certainly! Glucagon can be used in severe hyperglycemia because it stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, helping to lower blood sugar levels. In contrast, using glucagon for severe hypoglycemia can worsen the condition by further decreasing blood sugar levels. It is not typically used for endocrine diagnosis or beta-blocker poisoning as there are more effective treatments available for these situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Immunosuppressive agents. Sirolimus belongs to the class of immunosuppressive agents because it inhibits the activity of T-lymphocytes and prevents rejection of transplanted organs. It does not belong to the classes of A: Immunoglobulins, B: Interferons, or D: Monoclonal antibodies, as these are not mechanisms of action associated with sirolimus. Immunoglobulins are antibodies, interferons are signaling proteins, and monoclonal antibodies are targeted therapies. Therefore, the most appropriate classification for sirolimus is as an immunosuppressive agent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin BC, also known as folic acid. Folic acid improves megaloblastic anemia by aiding in DNA synthesis. It does not protect against neurological manifestations of pernicious anemia because those are primarily caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is needed for nerve function and myelin synthesis. Vitamin PP refers to niacin, which is not directly related to these types of anemia. Vitamin D is important for bone health but is not directly involved in the treatment of megaloblastic anemia or pernicious anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Bile acid-binding resins work by binding bile acids in the intestine, not cholesterol directly. This binding leads to increased excretion of bile acids in feces and stimulates the liver to use more cholesterol to produce new bile acids, thus lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect because bile acid-binding resins do not directly bind cholesterol. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the mechanism of action of bile acid-binding resins.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) is the active form of vitamin D and is the metabolite of choice for rapid action in raising serum calcium levels. B: Calcitriol does raise serum phosphate levels, but this effect may not be immediately observed. C: Calcitriol undergoes enterohepatic circulation, which means it is reabsorbed in the intestines and recycled through the liver. Therefore, all statements A, B, and C are true about 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), making option D the correct choice.