Gestational diabetes increases what complication of labor?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: macrosomia. Gestational diabetes can lead to fetal macrosomia, where the baby is larger than average, increasing the risk of complications during labor such as shoulder dystocia. This is due to the excess glucose crossing the placenta and stimulating the baby's pancreas to produce more insulin, resulting in increased growth. Choice A, breech presentation, is not directly associated with gestational diabetes. Choice C is a duplicate of the correct answer. Choice D, precipitous birth, is not a common complication of gestational diabetes but rather refers to an extremely rapid labor process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: vasa previa. This condition occurs when the umbilical cord vessels cross the cervix, making them vulnerable to compression during labor. This can lead to fetal blood vessel rupture and potentially life-threatening bleeding. Placenta previa (A) is when the placenta partially or fully covers the cervix, unrelated to the cord position. Placenta cervix (B) is not a recognized medical term. Velamentous insertion (C) is when the blood vessels of the umbilical cord insert into the fetal membranes before reaching the placenta, also not directly related to cord position over the cervix.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation). Uterine rupture can lead to severe bleeding, causing DIC. This is because the release of blood into the abdomen triggers the body's clotting system, resulting in the consumption of clotting factors and platelets. This can lead to widespread clotting in small blood vessels and ultimately result in bleeding disorders. Summary: - B: Nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck, not directly related to uterine rupture. - C: Polyhydramnios is excessive amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture. - D: Oligohydramnios is decreased amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (30 minutes) because the placenta should be delivered within 30 minutes after the birth of the infant to prevent excessive bleeding and potential complications. If the placenta is retained beyond 30 minutes, it may lead to postpartum hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the standard timeframe for the delivery of the placenta. A (10 minutes) is too soon for a normal delivery, C (1 hour) is too long and increases the risk of complications, and D (2 hours) is significantly delayed and poses serious health risks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: shock. Uterine inversion is an emergency due to the risk of shock. When the uterus turns inside out, it can lead to severe bleeding and disruption of blood flow, causing hypovolemic shock. This can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. Pain (choice B) and retained placenta (choice C) are potential complications of uterine inversion but do not pose the immediate threat of shock. Hypertension (choice D) is not directly related to the urgency of uterine inversion.