Gentamicin may produce which of the following adverse effect:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of chemotherapy drugs, Gentamicin is known to produce significant nephrotoxicity as an adverse effect. Nephrotoxicity refers to damage to the kidneys, which can manifest as impaired kidney function and potentially lead to acute kidney injury. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used to treat various bacterial infections. Option A, significant hepatotoxicity, is incorrect because Gentamicin primarily affects the kidneys, not the liver. Option B, significant cardiotoxicity, is also incorrect as Gentamicin is not known to cause adverse effects on the heart. Option C, significant dermal toxicity, is not associated with Gentamicin use; dermal toxicity typically refers to skin reactions which are not a common side effect of this drug. Understanding the adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients for potential complications and provide appropriate care. By knowing that Gentamicin can lead to nephrotoxicity, healthcare professionals can take proactive measures to prevent or manage kidney-related issues in patients receiving this medication. This knowledge enhances patient safety and contributes to improved treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not suitable for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections because this bacterium is known to be intrinsically resistant to this drug combination due to its inherent production of dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase enzymes. These enzymes have decreased affinity for trimethoprim, rendering it ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Norfloxacin (A), Carbenicillin (B), and Ciprofloxacin (D) are more appropriate choices for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin are fluoroquinolone antibiotics that have demonstrated efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carbenicillin, a penicillin derivative, is also effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Educationally, understanding the specific antibiotic susceptibilities of different bacterial pathogens is crucial for effective treatment strategies. This question highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate antibiotic based on the pathogen involved to ensure successful treatment outcomes and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the intrinsic resistance patterns of bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa to make informed decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Has better absorption. This is because amoxicillin has better oral absorption compared to ampicillin due to its increased stability in acidic environments. This makes it more effective when taken orally, leading to better bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes. Option A) Is more acid stable is incorrect because it is actually ampicillin that is more acid-stable, not amoxicillin. Ampicillin is more resistant to degradation in acidic environments, which is why it is often given intravenously. Option B) Has a broader spectrum is incorrect because this refers to the range of bacteria that the antibiotic can target, not a specific advantage of amoxicillin over ampicillin. Option C) Does not cause allergies is incorrect because both amoxicillin and ampicillin are penicillin antibiotics and can cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. This is not a specific advantage of one over the other. In an educational context, understanding the differences between antibiotics like amoxicillin and ampicillin is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions in prescribing the most appropriate medication for their patients. Knowing the specific advantages and disadvantages of each drug can help optimize treatment outcomes and minimize potential adverse effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Gentamicin because it is NOT taken orally. Gentamicin is administered parenterally, either intravenously or intramuscularly. This drug is not absorbed effectively through the gastrointestinal tract, so it must be given via injection to ensure proper bioavailability. Option C) Amoxicillin is taken orally and is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for various infections. Option D) Erythromycin can also be taken orally and is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, making it unsuitable as the correct answer. Educationally, understanding how different antimicrobial agents are administered is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially when prescribing medications to patients. Knowing the appropriate route of administration ensures the efficacy of treatment and helps prevent medication errors. It also highlights the importance of pharmacokinetics and drug absorption in clinical practice. By grasping these concepts, healthcare providers can make informed decisions when selecting the most suitable medications for their patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the treatment of tuberculosis, the combination of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Pyrazinamide (Option C) is the recommended therapy. Isoniazid and Rifampicin are first-line drugs for tuberculosis treatment, targeting different stages of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Pyrazinamide is effective against dormant or slow-growing bacteria. This combination ensures a comprehensive attack on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, reducing the likelihood of resistance development. Option A is incorrect because Erythromycin is not a first-line drug for tuberculosis. Option B is incorrect as Metronidazole is not effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Option D is incorrect because Ethambutol and Cotrimoxazole are not part of the standard first-line regimen for tuberculosis. Understanding the rationale behind tuberculosis treatment combinations is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively manage patients with this infectious disease. Proper knowledge and application of chemotherapy drugs are essential in ensuring successful treatment outcomes and preventing drug resistance.