Generalized edema of the newborn may occur in the following conditions EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of generalized edema in newborns is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Hurler syndrome. Hurler syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in various tissues, leading to organ and tissue damage. This accumulation can result in generalized edema in newborns affected by this syndrome. Prematurity (option A) can also lead to generalized edema in newborns due to immature organ function, especially the kidneys, which may have difficulty regulating fluid balance. Nonimmune hydrops (option B) is characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in fetal compartments and can result in generalized edema at birth. Turner syndrome (option C) is a genetic condition that can present with lymphedema or swelling due to a buildup of lymph fluid. Educationally, understanding the differential diagnoses of generalized edema in newborns is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive care. By recognizing the unique presentations of various conditions, nurses can facilitate early identification, appropriate management, and family support. Remembering the specific association of Hurler syndrome with generalized edema can aid in timely referrals and interventions to improve outcomes for affected newborns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity is a common condition in premature infants due to the fragility of their blood vessels. The correct answer, B) MRI is the preferred imaging technique for screening IVH, is the exception because cranial ultrasound is actually the preferred imaging modality for IVH screening in premature infants due to its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and lack of radiation exposure. Option A) is true because IVH in premature infants often occurs spontaneously due to the underdeveloped blood vessels in the brain. Option C) is also true because prophylactic administration of low-dose indomethacin has been shown to reduce the incidence of severe IVH in premature infants. Option D) is false because while some infants with IVH may be asymptomatic, many present with clinical symptoms such as feeding difficulties, lethargy, seizures, and abnormal neurological signs. From an educational standpoint, understanding IVH in premature infants is crucial for nurses working in neonatal care settings. Knowing the risk factors, presentation, diagnostic methods, and management of IVH is essential for providing quality care to these vulnerable patients. It is important to emphasize the significance of early detection and appropriate interventions to prevent complications associated with IVH in premature infants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, the correct answer, which is D, states that vitamin A supplementation given to infants <1,000 g does not decrease the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This is because ECMO is a life-saving intervention typically used in severe cases of respiratory failure and not directly influenced by vitamin A supplementation. Option A, B, and C are incorrect because vitamin A supplementation has been shown to decrease mortality rates, reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and lower the risk of nosocomial sepsis in preterm infants. These benefits are well-documented in research studies and clinical practice, highlighting the importance of vitamin A in improving outcomes for premature infants. Educationally, understanding the effects of vitamin A supplementation in preterm infants is crucial for pediatric nurses as they play a key role in providing care to this vulnerable population. By knowing the benefits and limitations of interventions such as vitamin A supplementation, nurses can ensure evidence-based practice and optimize the care provided to preterm infants to promote better health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Eventration of the diaphragm is a condition where the muscle of the diaphragm is thinned out, leading to a higher risk of herniation of abdominal organs into the chest cavity. In this context, it is important to understand why each choice is either associated or not associated with eventration. A) Pulmonary hypoplasia is a condition where the lungs have not developed fully. In the case of eventration of the diaphragm, there may be a limitation in lung expansion due to abnormal diaphragmatic movement, which can lead to pulmonary hypoplasia. B) Pulmonary sequestration is an unrelated condition where a piece of lung tissue is separated from the normal lung tissue and supplied by an aberrant systemic artery. It is not directly related to eventration of the diaphragm, making it the correct answer in this scenario. C) Chromosomal trisomies, such as Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), can be associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia but not necessarily with eventration of the diaphragm. D) Recurrent infections are not directly associated with eventration of the diaphragm but may occur due to compromised respiratory function resulting from this condition. In an educational context, understanding the associations and implications of conditions like eventration of the diaphragm is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care to pediatric patients. By knowing the potential complications and comorbidities, nurses can anticipate and manage the needs of these patients effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement 'Isoimmune hemolytic disease may be found in first-born infants irrespective of infant blood group' is incorrect. Isoimmune hemolytic disease typically occurs when maternal antibodies cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells. This is more common in subsequent pregnancies due to sensitization during the first pregnancy.