Furosemide (Lasix) is prescribed for a patient who is about to be discharged, and the nurse provides instructions to the patient about the medication. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that helps the body to remove excess salt and water, which can be useful in conditions like congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disorders. The correct statement by the nurse is to "Be sure to change positions slowly and rise slowly after sitting or lying so as to prevent dizziness and possible fainting because of blood pressure changes." This instruction is important because diuretics like furosemide can cause changes in blood pressure, leading to dizziness and fainting when standing up quickly. By changing positions slowly, the patient can minimize the risk of experiencing these symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Grapefruit juice can interact with antilipemic medications, specifically statins, causing increased drug levels in the bloodstream. This can lead to a higher risk of side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, patients on antilipemic therapy should be cautious about consuming grapefruit juice to prevent potential drug interactions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) One hour before or 2 hours after a meal when taking iron supplements. Iron absorption is hindered by the presence of other nutrients in food, especially calcium, which competes with iron for absorption. Therefore, taking iron supplements on an empty stomach helps maximize absorption. Option B) Full glass of water/juice is a common recommendation for taking medications, but it is not specific to iron supplements. While staying hydrated is important, it is not a crucial factor in the absorption of iron supplements. Option C) No caffeine is not directly related to taking iron supplements. Caffeine can inhibit the absorption of some minerals, but it does not have a significant impact on iron absorption. Option D) Carrying an identification card saying you are on iron supplements is not a standard practice. While it is important to inform healthcare providers of all medications and supplements you are taking, carrying an identification card specifically for iron supplements is unnecessary. In an educational context, it is important for students to understand the rationale behind specific instructions for taking medications and supplements. Understanding the optimal conditions for iron absorption can help students make informed decisions about their healthcare and ensure they are getting the maximum benefit from their supplements.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mannitol (Osmitrol), an osmotic diuretic, is contraindicated in narrow-angle glaucoma. This is because mannitol can increase intraocular pressure, exacerbating the condition and potentially leading to vision complications. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because mannitol is actually indicated for these conditions. Pulmonary edema can be managed with mannitol to reduce intracranial pressure. In heart failure, mannitol can help reduce edema by increasing urine output. In chemotherapy, mannitol is used to prevent kidney damage by promoting diuresis. In an educational context, understanding contraindications of medications is crucial for safe and effective patient care. Pharmacological knowledge helps nurses and healthcare professionals make informed decisions to prevent adverse reactions and ensure optimal patient outcomes. Learning about contraindications also involves understanding the underlying mechanisms and effects of medications on different body systems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angioedema is a potential adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. It is a serious condition involving swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, including the mucous membranes. Signs of angioedema can include swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, which can lead to difficulty breathing (dyspnea) due to airway obstruction. It is important for the nurse to monitor for these signs and symptoms, as angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Vomiting, constipation, and epistaxis are not typical signs of angioedema associated with ACE inhibitors.