From a medical perspective, hormones can be taken orally because they are water-insoluble lipids and poorly digested.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol) are lipid-soluble, taken orally as they resist digestion and absorb well water-insoluble trait aids stability. Carbohydrates aren't hormones energy sources. Peptides (e.g., insulin) and proteins degrade in the gut, requiring injection. Steroids' lipid nature distinguishes them, critical for oral administration, unlike digestible or non-hormonal options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ACTH from anterior pituitary stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol/glucocorticoids stress response. Anterior pituitary makes ACTH, not target. Adrenal medulla (epinephrine) is neural. Kidneys respond to aldosterone, not ACTH directly. Adrenal cortex's ACTH-driven output distinguishes it, key to HPA axis, unlike source, neural, or renal options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hashimoto's disease is autoimmune hypothyroidism thyroid destruction lowers T3/T4, causing myxedema-like symptoms. Graves is autoimmune hyperthyroidism overactivity. Myxedema is hypothyroidism's result, not cause. Acromegaly is GH-related, unrelated. Hashimoto's autoimmune basis distinguishes it, key to thyroid failure, unlike hyper, symptomatic, or growth disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aldosterone, from adrenal cortex's zona glomerulosa, is the primary mineralocorticoid regulates sodium/potassium, blood volume. Cortisol (fasciculata) is a glucocorticoid, minor mineral effect. Glucagon (pancreas) raises glucose, unrelated. Epinephrine (medulla) is catecholamine, not steroid. Aldosterone's electrolyte focus distinguishes it, critical for pressure/fluid balance, unlike glucose or stress hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Insulin doesn't break down glycogen it promotes glycogenesis (storage), lowering blood glucose by enhancing uptake and energy use. Breakdown (glycogenolysis) is glucagon's role opposite. Absorption, usage, and lowering are insulin's core actions. Glycogen synthesis distinguishes insulin, key to glucose reduction, unlike breakdown error.