Frequent deep breathing and coughing after chest surgery prevent what?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of post-operative care following chest surgery, the correct answer to the question is option A) Atelectasis. Atelectasis refers to the partial or complete collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung, which can occur due to shallow breathing and inadequate ventilation. Frequent deep breathing and coughing exercises are crucial in preventing atelectasis because they help to expand the lungs, improve ventilation, and clear secretions that can lead to lung collapse. These exercises promote lung inflation, maintain airway patency, and prevent the accumulation of mucus in the airways. Option B) Gas exchange issues is incorrect because deep breathing and coughing actually help to improve gas exchange by optimizing ventilation-perfusion matching and preventing areas of the lung from becoming collapsed. Option C) Mobilization delays is incorrect as deep breathing and coughing exercises actually promote early mobilization by preventing respiratory complications that could hinder a patient's ability to move and participate in activities. Option D) Chest tube complications is incorrect because deep breathing and coughing exercises are essential for preventing respiratory complications like atelectasis, pneumonia, and bronchitis, which can occur if secretions are not effectively cleared from the lungs. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare providers to understand the rationale behind post-operative respiratory care interventions to ensure optimal patient outcomes and prevent complications. By emphasizing the importance of deep breathing and coughing exercises in preventing atelectasis, educators can help reinforce best practices in post-operative care and enhance patient safety and recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Sitting in tripod position. In COPD, patients often experience difficulty breathing due to reduced lung capacity and air trapping. Sitting in the tripod position, where the patient leans forward with hands supported on their knees or another surface, helps to improve breathing mechanics by allowing for better expansion of the chest and improved ventilation. This position helps to reduce the work of breathing and enhance oxygenation. Option A) Semi-Fowler's in bed is not the optimal position for patients with COPD as it does not provide the same level of chest expansion and ventilation as the tripod position. Option C) Trendelenburg, where the body is positioned with the head lower than the feet, is contraindicated in COPD as it can further compromise breathing due to increased pressure on the diaphragm. Option D) Upright with knees flexed does not provide the same level of support for the chest and may not be as effective in improving breathing mechanics as the tripod position. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to understand the importance of positioning in optimizing respiratory function for patients with COPD. Teaching patients the tripod position can empower them to manage their breathing difficulties more effectively, improve oxygenation, and reduce respiratory distress. Understanding the rationale behind positioning can help students provide evidence-based care to improve patient outcomes in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide can be used in the laboratory to produce oxygen gas by decomposing into water and oxygen when catalyzed. This chemical reaction makes hydrogen peroxide a suitable choice for oxygen production in lab settings. Option A) Hydrochloric Acid is incorrect as it does not produce oxygen when used in the lab. Hydrochloric acid typically reacts as an acid and does not generate oxygen gas. Option C) Sodium hydroxide is also an incorrect choice as it does not lead to the production of oxygen. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base and does not play a role in oxygen generation through chemical reactions. Option D) All of the above is incorrect as only hydrogen peroxide has the capacity to produce oxygen when catalyzed. Selecting this option would be misleading as it includes chemicals that do not contribute to oxygen production in lab experiments. Understanding the chemical properties and reactions of various substances is crucial in laboratory settings. Knowledge of how hydrogen peroxide decomposes to produce oxygen can be valuable in experiments requiring oxygen generation. This question highlights the importance of understanding chemical reactions and their applications in scientific practices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "The infant is unable to maintain an adequate iron intake." At 3 months of age, infants start depleting their iron stores obtained from birth. Breast milk or formula alone may not provide enough iron to meet the growing needs of the infant, putting them at risk for developing anemia. Option A, "The infant is becoming more active," is incorrect because increased activity in a 3-month-old infant does not directly contribute to anemia. Option B, "There is an increase in intake of breast milk or formula," is incorrect because while breast milk or formula is important for infant nutrition, it may not contain enough iron to prevent anemia in a 3-month-old. Option D, "The infant has a congenital heart defect," is incorrect because while this could potentially lead to oxygenation issues, it is not directly related to the infant's risk for developing anemia at 3 months of age. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of iron intake in infants, especially as they deplete their iron stores obtained at birth. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to be vigilant in ensuring that infants receive adequate iron supplementation to prevent anemia and promote healthy growth and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer in this scenario is option B) Ask about medications the client is currently taking. This choice is the most appropriate initial action because it addresses a potential trigger for the client's asthma attacks. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage arthritis but can exacerbate asthma symptoms in some individuals. Therefore, understanding the client's current medication regimen is crucial in identifying any potential culprits contributing to the asthma attacks. Option A) Review the client's pulmonary function test results is not the first priority because the immediate need is to assess for possible medication-induced asthma exacerbation. Pulmonary function test results may provide valuable information but are not as time-sensitive as medication assessment in this context. Option C) Assess how frequently the client uses a bronchodilator is important in managing asthma, but the initial focus should be on identifying potential triggers such as medications before delving into frequency of bronchodilator use. Option D) Consult the primary health care provider and request arterial blood gases is not the first step as it is more invasive and time-consuming compared to simply inquiring about the client's current medications. Consulting the primary healthcare provider and requesting arterial blood gases may be necessary depending on the client's condition but is not the most immediate action in this case. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to prioritize interventions based on the client's immediate needs. Understanding the relationship between medications and potential exacerbation of asthma symptoms is crucial in providing safe and effective care to clients with comorbid conditions. By addressing medication history first, nurses can potentially prevent further asthma attacks and improve the client's overall health outcomes.