ATI RN
Vital Signs Assessment ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Francis is a middle-aged man who noted right-sided lower abdominal pain after straining with yard work. Which of the following would make a hernia more likely?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the absence of symmetry of the inguinal areas with straining indicates a possible hernia. When Francis strains, if there is asymmetry in the inguinal areas, it suggests a weakness in the abdominal wall allowing for a hernia to protrude. This is a key sign of a hernia. A: Absence of pain with straining is not indicative of a hernia. Pain is often present in hernias. B: Absence of bowel sounds in the scrotum is not a typical sign of a hernia. Bowel sounds are usually heard in the abdomen. C: Absence of a varicocele refers to enlarged veins in the scrotum, which is unrelated to a hernia.
Question 2 of 5
A 36-year-old female presents to the GP with painful hands which started two weeks ago. She describes the pain as constant but worst in the mornings where it takes an hour or so for her hands to loosen up and become fully functional. She has no significant past medical history and is functionally independent. On examination, there is erythema, swelling, and tenderness of the metacarpophalangeal joints on both hands. She is not able to make a tight fist due to the discomfort. On systemic examination, there is nothing else of note and vital signs are all within normal limits.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rheumatoid arthritis. The key features suggesting rheumatoid arthritis in this case are the symmetrical involvement of the metacarpophalangeal joints, morning stiffness lasting more than an hour, and systemic symptoms such as erythema and swelling. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that typically presents with these symptoms. Choice A: Gout typically presents with sudden onset of severe pain, redness, and swelling in a single joint, commonly the big toe. It is unlikely in this case due to the symmetrical joint involvement. Choice C: Osteoarthritis is characterized by joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest. It usually affects weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, not typically presenting with the described symptoms in the hands. Choice D: Septic arthritis often presents with acute joint pain, fever, and systemic symptoms. It is less likely in this case as the patient does not have signs of systemic infection.
Question 3 of 5
You ask a patient to draw a clock. He fills in all the numbers on the right half of the circle. What do you suspect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemianopsia. This is because filling only the numbers on the right half of the clock suggests a visual field defect on the left side, a common symptom of hemianopsia. This could indicate damage to the brain's visual processing areas, such as in stroke or brain injury. Fatigue (B), Oppositional defiant disorder (C), and Depression (D) are unlikely to cause this specific symptom and should be ruled out through further assessment.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following are objective data? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data are measurable and observable, not based on personal feelings or interpretations. Choice C, "Clear breath sounds," is objective data because it can be directly heard and assessed by a healthcare provider. Feeling dizzy (A) and headache (D) are subjective symptoms reported by the patient, making them subjective data. Complaints of nausea (B) are also subjective as they are based on the patient's personal experience and cannot be directly observed or measured by a healthcare provider. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it represents objective data that can be observed and measured.
Question 5 of 5
The patellar tendon reflex assesses which nerve root?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patellar tendon reflex is mediated by the femoral nerve, which receives sensory input from the L4 nerve root. When the patellar tendon is tapped, the sensory information is transmitted via the L4 nerve root to the spinal cord, activating the motor response through the femoral nerve. Therefore, the correct answer is B: L4. A: L1 - Incorrect. The L1 nerve root does not innervate the patellar tendon reflex. C: L5 - Incorrect. The L5 nerve root does not play a direct role in the patellar tendon reflex. D: S1 - Incorrect. The S1 nerve root is not involved in the patellar tendon reflex pathway.