ATI RN
foundations of nursing practice questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
For which of the following population groups would an annual clinical breast examination be recommended?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Women over age 40. Annual clinical breast examinations are recommended for this population group because they have an increased risk of developing breast cancer compared to younger age groups. Regular screenings starting at age 40 can help in early detection and improve survival rates. A: Women over age 21 - This age group is generally recommended to start clinical breast examinations every 1-3 years, not necessarily annually. B: Women over age 25 - While it's important to be vigilant about breast health, the risk of breast cancer increases with age, making annual exams more crucial for older women. D: All post-pubescent females with a family history of breast cancer - While family history is a risk factor, the recommendation for annual clinical breast examinations typically begins at age 40, regardless of family history.
Question 2 of 9
A new mother who is breastfeeding calls the clinic to speak to a nurse. The patient is complaining of pain in her left breast and describes her breast as feeling doughy. The nurse tells her to come into the clinic and be checked. The patient is diagnosed with acute mastitis and placed on antibiotics. What comfort measure should the nurse recommend?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Perform gentle massage to stimulate neutrophil migration. Gentle massage helps to promote drainage of the infected area by stimulating neutrophil migration, which aids in fighting the infection. This can help alleviate the pain and discomfort associated with acute mastitis. Cold compresses (choice A) may provide some relief, but they do not address the underlying issue of promoting neutrophil migration. Avoiding washing the breasts (choice C) is not recommended as maintaining good hygiene is important in preventing further infections. Avoiding wearing a bra (choice B) may not directly address the infection and may not be practical for the patient's daily activities.
Question 3 of 9
A patient with end-stage heart failure has participated in a family meeting with the interdisciplinary team and opted for hospice care. On what belief should the patients care in this setting be based
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Meaningful living during terminal illness is best supported in the home. This is because hospice care focuses on providing compassionate care and support in the comfort of the patient's own home, which can enhance quality of life and dignity. Being in a familiar and comfortable environment allows the patient to receive personalized care and emotional support from family members. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because hospice care emphasizes comfort and quality of life over technologic interventions, designated facilities, and prolonging physiologic dying. Ultimately, the goal of hospice care is to prioritize the patient's emotional and physical well-being during the end stages of life.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is planning health education for a patient who has experienced a vaginal infection. What guidelines should the nurse include in this program regarding prevention?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoid feminine hygiene products, such as sprays. This is because feminine hygiene products can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal flora, leading to an increased risk of vaginal infections. Tight-fitting synthetic underwear (choice A) can trap moisture and promote bacterial growth. Using bubble bath (choice B) can irritate the genital area and disrupt the pH balance. Restricting daily bathing (choice D) is not recommended as regular hygiene practices are important for preventing infections. In summary, choice C is correct as it promotes maintaining the natural vaginal flora and pH balance to prevent infections, while the other choices can contribute to an increased risk of vaginal infections.
Question 5 of 9
You are caring for a 50-year-old man diagnosed with multiple myeloma; he has just been told by the care team that his prognosis is poor. He is tearful and trying to express his feelings, but he is having difficulty. What should you do first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ask if he would like you to sit with him while he collects his thoughts. Rationale: 1. Active listening: By offering to sit with him, you show empathy and support his emotional expression. 2. Respect his autonomy: Asking if he would like you to sit allows him to make a choice about what support he needs. 3. Nonjudgmental approach: Sitting with him creates a safe space for him to share his feelings without feeling rushed or judged. Summary: B: Leaving abruptly may make him feel abandoned in a vulnerable moment. C: While spiritual support can be beneficial, it may not address his immediate emotional needs. D: Reassurance is important but may not be as effective as actively listening and offering support in this context.
Question 6 of 9
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Immunoglobulin E. The atopic response in allergies is mainly mediated by IgE antibodies. IgE binds to allergens and triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic symptoms. IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas, IgM is involved in early immune responses, and IgG is important for long-term immunity. IgE is specifically associated with allergic reactions due to its role in sensitizing mast cells and basophils to allergens.
Question 7 of 9
A patient who has had a lumpectomy calls the clinic to talk to the nurse. The patient tells the nurse that she has developed a tender area on her breast that is red and warm and looks like someone drew a line with a red marker. What would the nurse suspect is the womans problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mondor disease. This condition presents as a superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast veins, causing a tender, red, warm, cord-like area resembling a red line. This is typically benign and self-limiting. B: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the breast is unlikely as it typically involves deeper veins in the extremities. C: Recurrent malignancy is less likely as the symptoms described are more indicative of a benign condition like Mondor disease. D: An area of fat necrosis is also less likely as it usually presents as a painless, firm lump rather than a red, warm, tender area.
Question 8 of 9
A patient has just died following urosepsis that progressed to septic shock. The patients spouse says, I knew this was coming, but I feel so numb and hollow inside. The nurse should know that these statements are characteristic of what?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complicated grief and mourning. This is characterized by a sense of emotional numbness and feeling hollow inside, which the patient's spouse is experiencing after the patient's death. Complicated grief involves intense and prolonged mourning that may interfere with daily functioning. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Uncomplicated grief and mourning typically involves a range of emotions, including sadness and sorrow, but not the profound numbness and emptiness described. C: Depression stage of dying refers to a stage in the Kubler-Ross model, but the patient's spouse is not the one dying, so this does not apply. D: Acceptance stage of dying involves coming to terms with one's impending death, not the aftermath of losing a loved one to sepsis.
Question 9 of 9
The nurse is planning the care of a patient with a diagnosis of vertigo. What nursing diagnosis risk should the nurse prioritize in this patients care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk for falls. Patients with vertigo experience a false sensation of spinning or movement, which can lead to imbalance and increased risk of falls. Prioritizing the risk for falls is crucial to prevent injuries and ensure patient safety. Other choices are incorrect as they do not directly address the immediate safety concern of falls associated with vertigo. A: Risk for disturbed sensory perception may be present, but the priority is preventing falls. B: Risk for unilateral neglect is not typically associated with vertigo. D: Risk for ineffective health maintenance is important but falls take precedence due to the immediate risk of injury.