For which of the following is Type 2 diabetes mellitus screening recommended?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Man with hypertension. Screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus is recommended for individuals with risk factors such as hypertension because these two conditions often coexist and share common risk factors like obesity and physical inactivity. A) Overweight woman: While being overweight is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, it alone is not a strong enough indication for screening compared to having an associated condition like hypertension. B) Teenager: Type 2 diabetes mellitus typically develops in adults, especially those who are overweight or obese. Screening teenagers without specific risk factors is not a standard practice. D) Woman with a family history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: While family history is a significant risk factor, the presence of hypertension in this case makes it a more compelling reason for screening due to the immediate health implications associated with both conditions. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind screening recommendations helps healthcare providers prioritize resources and interventions effectively. By targeting individuals with a higher probability of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus, early detection and management can lead to better health outcomes and prevent complications associated with the disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, a previous traffic violation for speeding, would most likely influence a teenager's decision to drive within the speed limit. This is because experiencing the consequences of their actions firsthand can have a significant impact on behavior change. When a teenager receives a traffic violation for speeding, it serves as a concrete reminder of the potential dangers and legal repercussions of driving above the speed limit. This personal experience can have a stronger influence on their future decisions compared to other factors. Option A, a speed limit sign, may not have as strong of an impact because it is a passive reminder and may be easily ignored or overlooked by teenagers who are more focused on their immediate desires or distractions. Option B, having parents tell the teenager not to speed, relies on external influence and may not always be effective as teenagers at this age may exhibit rebellious behavior or prioritize peer influences over parental advice. Option D, seeing someone get pulled over for speeding, while impactful in the moment, may not have a lasting effect on the teenager's behavior as it is an indirect consequence and may not create a personal connection between the action and the consequence. In an educational context, it is important to highlight the significance of personal experiences and consequences in shaping behavior. By emphasizing the real-life implications of speeding through actual violations and penalties, educators can help teenagers understand the importance of following speed limits for their safety and the safety of others on the road.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question related to health promotion and maintenance, the correct answer is option C) "The individual will verbalize the importance of daily exercise." This is an example of an affective learning objective because it focuses on the individual's ability to express their understanding and belief in the importance of daily exercise. Option A is not as effective because understanding alone does not necessarily translate into action. Option B is more focused on demonstrating, which is more aligned with psychomotor learning objectives rather than affective objectives. Option D is also less effective because believing in something is more of a cognitive aspect rather than an affective one. In an educational context, when setting affective learning objectives, it is important to focus on the individual's attitudes, beliefs, and values towards a particular behavior or concept. Verbalizing one's understanding and belief in the importance of exercise indicates a deeper level of internalization and commitment, which is key in promoting behavior change and health maintenance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) The DRI is used to plan and assess diets of healthy people. Explanation of why C is correct: The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are a set of reference values that are used to plan and assess the nutrient intakes of healthy individuals. These values include Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) that serve as guidelines for nutrient intake to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases. Explanation of why others are wrong: A) The DRI is not specifically focused on monitoring deficiencies in nutritional intakes of obese populations. It is a broader set of guidelines applicable to all healthy individuals. B) While the DRI does establish minimal amounts of nutrients to prevent deficiencies, its primary purpose is not solely to protect against nutrient deficiency but to provide comprehensive guidance on nutrient intake. D) The DRI does set guidelines to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes from inadequate nutrient consumption, but it is not solely focused on minimal guidelines. It provides a range of values to promote optimal health. Educational context: Understanding the purpose of the Dietary Reference Intakes is essential for healthcare professionals to guide individuals in achieving proper nutritional intake. By knowing how to interpret and apply the DRI values, healthcare providers can help individuals make informed dietary choices to support their overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Pesticide on the fresh fruit. Chemical contamination of food can lead to food-borne illnesses. Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests on crops but can be harmful if ingested. In the context of the outbreak investigation, finding pesticides on fresh fruit could explain the food-borne illness. Option A, unintended allergen added to food, is incorrect as allergens typically cause allergic reactions, not food-borne illnesses. Option B, bacteria on the countertops, is incorrect as bacterial contamination usually results in food poisoning, not chemical contamination. Option D, metal shavings in the food from a dull can opener, is incorrect as it pertains to physical contamination, not chemical contamination. Educationally, understanding the sources and types of food contamination is crucial for healthcare professionals like nurses to prevent and manage food-borne illnesses. Being able to differentiate between chemical, bacterial, and physical contaminants helps in effective outbreak investigations and implementing appropriate interventions to ensure public health and safety.