For which family the following morphological features are typical: filamentous spiral nucleocapsid, linear unsegmented single strand (-) RNA and lipid bilayer membrane of cellular origin:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Filamentous spiral nucleocapsid is characteristic of Filoviridae, such as Ebola virus. 2. Linear unsegmented single strand (-) RNA is a key feature of Filoviridae genomes. 3. The lipid bilayer membrane of cellular origin is found in Filoviridae viruses. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Filoviridae) due to the alignment of all three morphological features. Summary: - A (Picornaviridae): Has an icosahedral capsid, not filamentous spiral. - C (Orthomyxoviridae): Has a segmented genome, not linear unsegmented. - D (Togaviridae): Has a spherical capsid, not filamentous spiral.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the secondary immune response is quicker due to memory B and T cells being already present from the primary response. These memory cells can quickly recognize and respond to the antigen upon re-exposure, leading to a faster and more efficient immune response. Choices B and C are incorrect as the secondary response produces more antibodies and requires fewer antigen stimulations. Choice D is also incorrect as the secondary response is faster than the primary response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG vaccination. The Mantoux test is used to detect tuberculosis infection. A negative reaction means the child is not infected. BCG vaccination is recommended for individuals without prior TB infection to prevent severe forms of the disease. Antitoxin and rabies vaccinations are not related to TB and are not indicated in this scenario. Repeating the Mantoux test is unnecessary since a negative result indicates absence of TB infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa all produce endotoxins that can lead to septic shock. Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and can trigger a systemic inflammatory response if released into the bloodstream. E. coli and Salmonella are common causes of bacterial infections that can lead to septic shock, while P. aeruginosa is a known opportunistic pathogen that can produce endotoxins. Therefore, all three bacteria can cause septic shock by releasing endotoxins. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of these bacteria individually can produce endotoxins that contribute to the development of septic shock.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (A and B both). In viral multiplication, the presence of a specific cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell culture indicates viral replication. This is detected visually through changes in cell morphology. Additionally, immunofluorescence detection methods can be used to detect viral antigens within infected cells, confirming viral multiplication. Options C is incorrect as viral colonies are not typically used to detect viral multiplication in cell culture. Option B alone is not sufficient as it only focuses on immunofluorescence detection, while option A alone may not always be specific. Therefore, the combination of A and B provides a more comprehensive and accurate detection method for viral multiplication in cell culture.