For which condition is magnetic resonance elastography showing great promise?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cirrhosis of the liver. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to assess tissue stiffness, making it ideal for evaluating liver fibrosis in cirrhosis. MRE can accurately detect and quantify liver stiffness, providing valuable information about the progression of cirrhosis and guiding treatment decisions. Choice A, Gallstones, is incorrect as MRE is not typically used to diagnose this condition. Choice B, Pancreatic cancer, is also incorrect as MRE is not the primary imaging modality for this cancer. Choice C, Cholecystitis, is incorrect because MRE is not commonly used to diagnose inflammation of the gallbladder. In summary, MRE is particularly useful in assessing liver fibrosis in cirrhosis due to its ability to measure tissue stiffness accurately.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the gastrocolic reflex is a natural physiological response where eating triggers contractions in the colon, leading to increased peristalsis and bowel movements. By suggesting the patient to attempt defecation after breakfast, the nurse is utilizing this reflex to help stimulate bowel movements. This suggestion aligns with the patient's complaint of irregular bowel movements and aims to promote regularity. Choice A is incorrect as taking additional laxatives can lead to dependence and may not address the underlying cause of the irregular bowel movements. Choice B is incorrect as the acidity of foods does not directly impact peristalsis. Choice C is incorrect as reducing food intake may not necessarily address the issue of slowed peristalsis and could potentially lead to other nutritional deficiencies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Living alone on a fixed income. This is because social factors, such as living alone, can impact an individual's access to and ability to afford nutritious foods. Being on a fixed income may limit the man's ability to purchase healthy foods, leading to potential malnutrition. Choice B, an increase in GI motility and absorption, is incorrect as it does not directly impact the man's nutritional status. Choice C, changes in cardiovascular function, may affect overall health but does not specifically address nutritional status. Choice D, snacking between meals, is less likely to be the primary factor affecting the man's nutritional status compared to his living situation and financial constraints.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because vomiting involves the coordination of various structures and processes. The glottis closes to prevent aspiration, respiratory expiration aids in expelling contents, pylorus relaxes to allow stomach contents to move upward, and lower esophageal sphincter closes to prevent reflux. Summary of other choices: A: Incorrect - Metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis, is commonly associated with persistent vomiting due to loss of hydrochloric acid. B: Incorrect - Stimulation of the vomiting center by the CTZ is commonly triggered by chemicals/toxins, not stretch and distention of hollow organs. D: Incorrect - The parasympathetic nervous system stimulation occurs after the act of vomiting to aid in clearing the stomach.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because NG intubation helps remove stimulation for hydrochloric acid and pepsin secretion by keeping the stomach empty. By reducing gastric acid production, it allows the ulcer to heal. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on a different aspect of treatment. Choice B is incorrect because NG intubation is not primarily for removing excess fluids and undigested food. Choice C is incorrect as the primary purpose of NG intubation in this context is not to provide missing nutrients but to reduce acid secretion.