For the students better understanding about the anatomy of the breast, the CI shares ________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To help the students better understand the anatomy of the breast, it is crucial to provide visual aids that display both external and internal views of the breast. By sharing various pictures of the breast, students can visually learn about the structure, shape, location of different components, such as lobes, ducts, glands, and lymph nodes. Visual aids enhance the learning experience by providing a clear representation of the complex anatomical features of the breast, aiding in retention and comprehension. This approach can effectively supplement theoretical knowledge with practical visual references, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of breast anatomy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The symptoms described by the patient indicate a potential transfusion reaction, such as a hemolytic reaction or allergic reaction. The immediate action the nurse should take in such a situation is to stop the infusion of the packed red blood cells. This will help prevent further complications and ensure the safety of the patient. After stopping the infusion, the nurse should assess the patient's condition, monitor vital signs, and inform the healthcare team, including the physician, regarding the situation. Once the patient is stable, further investigations can be conducted to determine the cause of the reaction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct approach for formulating statements of findings in a study is to extract meanings and themes from significant statements. This involves analyzing the data collected, identifying patterns or themes that emerge from the responses, and then formulating statements that encapsulate these findings. By doing so, the researcher can accurately capture the essence of the data and present meaningful conclusions based on the analysis. This process goes beyond merely summarizing or describing the responses and delves deeper into the interpretations and implications of the findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia, the most appropriate intervention is to initiate non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NIPPV can help improve ventilation, decrease work of breathing, and correct hypoxemia by providing positive pressure to keep the airways open, reduce air trapping, and increase the elimination of carbon dioxide. This intervention can help improve oxygenation and reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe asthma exacerbations. Administering high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula alone may not provide enough support for patients with severe respiratory distress. Nebulized albuterol/ipratropium combination therapy and intravenous corticosteroid therapy are also important treatments for asthma exacerbations but are not the first-line interventions for patients with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The classic presentation of scabies includes a rash characterized by erythematous papules and vesicles that are arranged in a linear or burrow-like distribution. These linear tracks are often seen in areas such as the interdigital spaces, wrists, elbows, axillae, belt line, and genitalia. It is commonly associated with intense itching, especially at night. Unlike psoriasis, which presents with silvery scales and well-defined borders, or contact dermatitis, which results from exposure to a specific allergen or irritant, scabies is caused by a parasitic mite infestation. Atopic dermatitis, on the other hand, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by pruritic eczematous lesions, but it typically does not manifest with a linear distribution of lesions like scabies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this case, the patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis as indicated by the low pH (7.28), elevated PaCO2 (65 mmHg), and elevated HCO3- (30 mEq/L). The primary acid-base disturbance is respiratory acidosis due to the retention of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 >45 mmHg) leading to an increase in HCO3- as a compensatory mechanism to maintain pH within normal limits. The elevated HCO3- levels (metabolic compensation) are trying to counterbalance the increased PaCO2 levels (respiratory acidosis) by increasing bicarbonate to attempt to normalize the pH. Overall, the ABG analysis shows respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation in this COPD patient with an acute exacerbation and severe dyspnea.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that focuses on exploring and understanding the lived experiences of individuals within their "life-worlds." It seeks to uncover the essence of a phenomenon as it is experienced subjectively by individuals, aiming to understand the underlying meanings and perspectives through in-depth interviews, observations, and reflections. In phenomenology, researchers aim to set aside their own biases and preconceptions to capture the essence of the participants' experiences as they see them. This approach allows researchers to gain insight into how individuals make sense of and interpret their world, providing rich and detailed accounts of unique human experiences.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ** In a patient with ARDS, the priority intervention to manage respiratory failure is to initiate lung-protective mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume. ARDS is characterized by widespread inflammation and injury to the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange and severe hypoxemia. Lung-protective ventilation strategies aim to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury by using lower tidal volumes (around 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) to reduce barotrauma and volutrauma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by increased glomerular permeability, leading to protein loss in the urine. One of the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome is hypoalbuminemia, which refers to low levels of albumin in the blood due to its excessive loss in the urine. This loss of albumin results in decreased oncotic pressure, leading to edema and ascites. Hematuria (choice A) is not typically found in nephrotic syndrome but may be present in other kidney conditions. Hyperkalemia (choice C) is not specific to nephrotic syndrome and may be more common in conditions affecting potassium regulation. Hypocalcemia (choice D) is also not a characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome.