For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion. In severe traumatic brain injury, avoiding profound hypocarbia is important to prevent cerebral vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the brain, worsening the injury. Hypocarbia causes constriction of cerebral blood vessels, leading to decreased perfusion and exacerbating brain damage. Respiratory alkalosis (A) and metabolic acidosis (C) are not direct consequences of hypocarbia in this context. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (D) is caused by increased permeability of pulmonary capillaries due to neurological insult, not by hypocarbia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Forearm fracture. In the secondary survey of trauma assessment, non-life-threatening injuries like forearm fractures are addressed after stabilizing life-threatening conditions. Forearm fractures may cause pain and disability but are not immediately life-threatening. Choices A, B, and D all involve injuries that require immediate attention in the primary survey due to the potential for severe bleeding, compromised airway, or unstable pelvic fractures leading to internal bleeding and other critical issues. In the secondary survey, attention is shifted to identifying and treating less urgent injuries like the forearm fracture.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Monitored i.v analgesia." In this scenario, the patient presents with rib fractures causing chest pain and respiratory distress. The primary goal is pain management to improve respiratory function and prevent complications like pneumonia. IV analgesia will help control pain effectively. Option A is incorrect as chest tube placement is not indicated in this scenario. Option B is not necessary as there are no signs of cardiac injury on ECG. Option D, thoracic splinting, is not the primary management for rib fractures and may not provide adequate pain relief.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because keeping hair neatly tied back away from the face is essential for infection control and maintaining a professional appearance in healthcare settings. Tying hair back prevents it from touching patients or surfaces, reducing the risk of spreading germs. Bathing frequency and perfume application are subjective preferences and not directly related to professional grooming in a healthcare setting. Wearing artificial nails can harbor bacteria and increase the risk of cross-contamination, so it is not recommended for healthcare workers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, missing teeth or hair. This is a sign of physical abuse as it indicates harm inflicted on the individual. Missing teeth or hair can result from physical violence or forceful actions. Ripped clothing (B) may suggest neglect or rough handling, but not necessarily abuse. Pressure injuries (C) can also indicate neglect, but are not specific to abuse. Unanswered call lights (D) may indicate neglect or understaffing, but do not directly point to abuse.