For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion. Hypocarbia leads to vasoconstriction in cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow and potentially worsening brain injury. Respiratory alkalosis (A) is a consequence of hypocarbia but not the main concern. Metabolic acidosis (C) is not related to hypocarbia. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (D) is not directly caused by hypocarbia in traumatic brain injury.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Forearm fracture. In the secondary survey of trauma assessment, priority is given to assessing less urgent injuries such as extremity fractures. Forearm fracture falls under this category as it is not immediately life-threatening. The secondary survey focuses on a systematic head-to-toe assessment after stabilizing critical conditions in the primary survey. Choices A, B, and D require immediate attention in the primary survey due to the potential for severe bleeding, compromised circulation, and risk of internal organ injury, respectively. Therefore, these injuries are addressed before moving on to the secondary survey.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Monitored i.v analgesia." In this scenario, the patient has blunt chest trauma with rib fractures causing pain. The management should focus on controlling pain to improve respiratory effort and prevent complications like pneumonia. IV analgesia is recommended to provide effective pain relief and improve patient outcomes. Choice A: "Placement of a 22Fr right sided chest tube" is incorrect because there is no indication for chest tube insertion based on the information provided. The patient's vital signs are stable and there are no signs of tension pneumothorax. Choice B: "Serial troponins and cardiac monitoring" is incorrect because there are no indications of cardiac injury based on the normal ECG and the absence of cardiac symptoms. Troponins and cardiac monitoring are not necessary at this point. Choice D: "Thoracic splinting" is incorrect because splinting is not typically recommended for rib fractures in elderly patients. It may restrict respiratory effort and cause more harm

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Keeping hair neatly tied back away from the face Rationale: 1. Hair tied back prevents contamination of patient's wounds or medications. 2. Ensures hair doesn't obstruct vision or fall into patient's food. 3. Projects a professional appearance and promotes hygiene. Summary: A - Bathing once every other day may vary depending on individual needs and activities, not a strict grooming standard. B - Applying perfume daily may cause allergies or sensitivities in patients and is not necessary for personal grooming. D - Wearing polished artificial nails can harbor bacteria and is not recommended in healthcare settings for infection control purposes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Missing teeth or hair. This is a sign of physical abuse as it indicates direct harm to the individual. Missing teeth or hair can result from violent acts or forceful actions. Other choices are incorrect because: - B: Ripped clothing may indicate rough handling but is not a definitive sign of abuse. - C: Pressure injuries are more likely to indicate neglect or improper care rather than abuse. - D: Unanswered call lights may suggest neglect or understaffing, but not necessarily abuse.