For limiting cerebral edema due to brain tumour, the preferred corticosteroids are betamethasone/dexamethasone because:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Corticosteroids like betamethasone/dexamethasone are preferred for cerebral edema as they do not cause Na+ and water retention. 2. This is crucial in managing cerebral edema as fluid retention can worsen the condition. 3. Other choices are incorrect: B is not relevant to edema treatment, C is a common route for corticosteroid administration, and D is not the mechanism of action for corticosteroids in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stanozolol. Stanozolol is a synthetic derivative of dihydrotestosterone that is not associated with cholestatic jaundice due to its unique chemical structure. Testosterone propionate, Methyl testosterone, and Fluoxymesterone are all known to be associated with cholestatic jaundice. Testosterone propionate and Methyl testosterone are androgens that can cause liver dysfunction leading to cholestatic jaundice, while Fluoxymesterone is a 17-alpha-alkylated androgen that has been linked to liver toxicity and cholestatic jaundice. Stanozolol, on the other hand, is not metabolized by the liver in the same way as the other androgens, which reduces its potential for causing cholestatic jaundice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Danazol is a synthetic steroid derivative that is primarily used to treat conditions like amenorrhoea, endometriosis, and fibrocystic breast disease. However, it is not indicated for precocious puberty in male children. This is because Danazol can cause masculinization effects due to its androgenic properties, which can worsen the symptoms of precocious puberty in male children. Therefore, the correct answer is D. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect as Danazol is commonly prescribed for these conditions due to its anti-estrogenic and androgenic effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flutamide. Flutamide is a non-steroidal antiandrogen used in advanced prostate carcinoma. It works by blocking androgen receptors in the prostate, thereby inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer cells. When combined with a GnRH agonist, it helps reduce testosterone levels further, providing palliative treatment for advanced prostate cancer. A: Cyproterone acetate is another antiandrogen, but it is a steroidal one and not commonly used for this purpose. B: Danazol is not typically used in the treatment of advanced prostate carcinoma. C: Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia and male pattern baldness, not for advanced prostate cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because estrogens do not cause cornification of vaginal epithelium. Estrogens are responsible for proliferation of endometrium, maturation of graafian follicle, and anabolism. Cornification of vaginal epithelium is mainly influenced by androgens. So, the action described in choice A is not a direct effect of estrogens.