For HIV treatment, the pregnant woman should be expected to receive:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of treating HIV in pregnant women, the correct answer is C) Zidovudine. Zidovudine, also known as AZT, is recommended as part of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for HIV-infected pregnant women to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of the virus. It has been shown to significantly decrease the transmission of HIV from mother to baby during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Antibiotics (option A) are not typically used as a primary treatment for HIV; they are more commonly prescribed for bacterial infections. Protease analogues (option B) are a type of antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV, but they are not specifically recommended for preventing mother-to-child transmission. Acyclovir (option D) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes simplex virus infections, not HIV. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the specific treatment protocols for managing HIV in pregnant women to ensure the best outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Proper administration of Zidovudine as part of a comprehensive ART regimen can greatly reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV and improve the health of both the mother and the child.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate action for the nurse to perform next would be option B: Take the woman's blood pressure. This choice is correct because a persistent headache in a pregnant woman can be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure. By assessing the client's blood pressure, the nurse can quickly determine if this is the cause of her headache and take appropriate action to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby. Option A is incorrect because inquiring about allergies is not the priority in this situation where a potentially serious maternal health issue needs to be ruled out. Option C, assessing the woman's fundal height, is also not the most immediate concern when a woman presents with a severe headache. Option D, asking about stressors at work, while important for holistic care, is not as urgent as assessing the blood pressure in this context. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and promptly addressing potential signs of complications in pregnant women. It emphasizes the critical role of nurses in conducting timely assessments and interventions to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. This knowledge is essential for healthcare providers working in prenatal care settings to provide safe and effective care to pregnant individuals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Grand mal seizure. The gravid client's presentation with 4+ proteinuria and 4+ reflexes indicates a severe condition known as preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, often the kidneys and liver. Preeclampsia puts the client at high risk for eclampsia, a more severe condition marked by seizures. Therefore, close monitoring for the development of seizures is crucial in this situation to prevent serious complications for both the mother and the fetus. Option B) High platelet count is incorrect because in preeclampsia, platelet count tends to decrease, leading to a risk of bleeding disorders rather than high platelet counts. Option C) Explosive diarrhea is not directly associated with the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. While gastrointestinal issues can occur in some cases, they are not a primary concern in the context of a client presenting with significant proteinuria and reflex changes. Option D) Fractured pelvis is unrelated to the client's condition of preeclampsia. This option introduces a physical injury concern, which is not relevant to the client's current medical condition. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia and its potential complications is critical for healthcare providers caring for pregnant clients. Timely recognition and appropriate management of conditions like preeclampsia can significantly impact maternal and fetal outcomes. Close monitoring and prompt intervention are essential in the care of pregnant clients at risk for developing complications like seizures in the context of preeclampsia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the scenario presented, the correct answer is D) Epigastric pain. Severe preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome is a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and liver abnormalities. Epigastric pain is a common symptom of HELLP syndrome and indicates liver distention. Assessing for epigastric pain is crucial as it can signify worsening of the condition and potential liver rupture, which is a life-threatening complication. Option A) Low serum creatinine is incorrect because in HELLP syndrome, renal function is usually impaired, leading to elevated serum creatinine levels. Option B) High serum protein is incorrect because while protein in the urine is a hallmark of preeclampsia, it is not specific to HELLP syndrome. Option C) Bloody stools is incorrect because it is not a typical sign/symptom associated with severe preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of maternal diseases like preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working in obstetrics. Prompt recognition and appropriate management of these conditions are vital to prevent maternal and fetal complications. Knowledge of these conditions helps in providing safe and effective care to pregnant women, ensuring better outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Headache and decreased output. This symptom combination could indicate preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage. Teaching the client to watch for these signs is crucial for early detection and intervention. Option B) Puffy feet is a common occurrence in pregnancy due to fluid retention and is not necessarily a cause for immediate concern unless accompanied by other symptoms like high blood pressure. Option C) Hemorrhoids and vaginal discharge are common discomforts in pregnancy but are not typically indicators of a serious complication in the second half of pregnancy that would require immediate attention. Option D) Backache is a common complaint during pregnancy and is usually related to postural changes and the growing uterus pressing on nerves and muscles. While discomforting, it is not typically a sign of a complication that requires immediate medical attention. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of patient education in recognizing warning signs for potential complications during pregnancy. Teaching pregnant clients to be aware of specific symptoms and when to seek medical advice can help in the early detection and management of maternal diseases, ultimately improving outcomes for both the mother and the baby.