ATI RN
Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis Questions
Question 1 of 5
For both males and females, which is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty. It acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of FSH and LH, which then stimulate the production of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. FSH and LH regulate the maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. Estrogen and testosterone are produced in response to FSH and LH, so they are not the first hormones secreted to initiate puberty. Thus, GnRH is the primary hormone that kickstarts the puberty process by signaling the release of FSH and LH.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who is experiencing trouble becoming pregnant reported that she has only two to three menstrual periods per year. What is an initial explanation for this problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer, A, is the initial explanation because irregular menstrual periods suggest infrequent ovulation, making it difficult to predict the fertile window for conception. Lack of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (B) would result in no ovulation at all. Blocked fallopian tubes (C) would prevent the egg from reaching the uterus, causing infertility. If only one ovary is functioning (D), the patient would still ovulate regularly from that ovary.
Question 3 of 5
Arrange the steps of the female menstrual cycle in the correct order of occurrence.
Correct Answer: A,D,C,B
Rationale: The correct order of the female menstrual cycle is: A (Menstrual phase) -> D (Proliferative phase) -> C (Secretory phase) -> B (Premenstrual phase). 1. Menstrual phase (A) involves shedding of the uterine lining. 2. Proliferative phase (D) follows, where the lining thickens in preparation for implantation. 3. Secretory phase (C) occurs next, characterized by further thickening and vascularization of the endometrium. 4. Finally, premenstrual phase (B) occurs, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the chronological sequence of events in the menstrual cycle.
Question 4 of 5
Which phases are included in the ovarian cycle?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the ovarian cycle includes the follicular phase (development of ovarian follicles) and the luteal phase (release of the egg and formation of the corpus luteum). The other choices are incorrect because: A: Proliferative and secretory phases refer to phases of the menstrual cycle, not the ovarian cycle. B: Estrogen and progesterone are hormones involved in the ovarian cycle, but they do not represent the phases themselves. C: Endometrial and luteal phases involve the uterus and not specifically the ovary.
Question 5 of 5
A young woman is giving her menstrual history to the nurse. She is concerned about a short-lived pain that sometimes occurs on either the right or left side of her lower abdomen about 2 weeks before her period is due to begin. What is the nurse’s best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "This pain is probably related to ovulation and is not uncommon." This response is the best because the pain described by the young woman aligns with symptoms of ovulation pain, known as mittelschmerz. This type of pain typically occurs around the time of ovulation and is considered normal. It is a common experience for many women and does not usually indicate any underlying health issues. Choice B is incorrect because abnormal hormone levels are not typically the cause of ovulation pain. Choice C is incorrect as dismissing the woman's concerns without providing reassurance or information is not appropriate. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication from the history provided that there is a structural abnormality that needs further assessment. In summary, the correct response acknowledges the normalcy of the pain experienced by the young woman and provides reassurance based on the symptoms described.