For a client with sickle cell anemia, how does the nurse assess for jaundice?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the assessment of a client with sickle cell anemia for jaundice, it is crucial for the nurse to inspect the skin and sclera for signs of yellowish discoloration, which are indicative of elevated bilirubin levels. This is because in sickle cell anemia, the breakdown of red blood cells is increased, leading to an excess of bilirubin that manifests as jaundice. By examining the skin and sclera, the nurse can detect this important clinical sign. Option A, which suggests assessing mental status, verbal ability, and motor strength, is incorrect as these assessments are not directly related to identifying jaundice in a client with sickle cell anemia. Option B, focusing on observing joints for signs of swelling, is also incorrect as jaundice is primarily a manifestation of liver dysfunction rather than joint involvement in sickle cell anemia. Option D, collecting a urine specimen, is not directly related to assessing jaundice in this context. In an educational context, understanding the specific signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia, including jaundice, is vital for nurses caring for these clients. Proper assessment techniques can lead to early identification of complications and prompt intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This question highlights the importance of thorough assessment skills and knowledge of disease-specific manifestations in hematology oncology nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Coffee. Coffee contains compounds like tannins and polyphenols that can inhibit the absorption of iron from the intestines. These compounds form complexes with iron, making it harder for the body to absorb this essential mineral. This interference can be detrimental for individuals who are already struggling with iron deficiency anemia and are taking iron supplements to boost their iron levels. Option B) Butter, C) Flour, and D) Bread do not have the same inhibitory effect on iron absorption as coffee. Butter is a source of fat and does not interfere with iron absorption. Flour and bread are sources of carbohydrates and do not contain compounds that hinder iron uptake. In fact, some bread and flour products are fortified with iron to help combat iron deficiency anemia. In an educational context, understanding factors that influence iron absorption is crucial for healthcare professionals working with patients who have iron deficiency anemia or are at risk of developing it. By knowing which substances can hinder iron absorption, healthcare providers can educate their patients on dietary modifications to maximize the effectiveness of iron supplementation and improve treatment outcomes. This knowledge also underscores the importance of comprehensive nutritional counseling for individuals with specific health conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In sickle cell crisis for clients with sickle cell anemia, the major symptom is pain, making option D the correct answer. This pain is due to the obstruction of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells, leading to tissue ischemia. It is typically severe and can occur in various parts of the body, such as the chest, abdomen, bones, and joints. Option A, fever, is not typically a major symptom of sickle cell crisis. While infections can trigger a crisis, fever alone is not the defining symptom. Option B, lethargy, may be present due to the body's response to the crisis, but it is not the primary symptom. Option C, atelectasis (lung collapse), is a potential complication of sickle cell crisis but is not the major presenting symptom. In an educational context, understanding the hallmark symptom of sickle cell crisis is crucial for healthcare professionals caring for patients with sickle cell anemia. Recognizing and effectively managing the severe pain associated with a crisis is essential in providing timely and appropriate care to these patients. Educating healthcare providers about the key symptoms of sickle cell crisis can help improve patient outcomes and quality of care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Introduce variations in styles of clothing. This option supports the client's self-image by offering a practical and empowering solution to address the abnormal enlargement of the arm due to lymphedema. By suggesting different clothing styles, the nurse helps the client feel more comfortable and confident in their appearance, despite the physical changes caused by the condition. Option A) Place the arm in a sling is incorrect because it does not address the client's concerns about self-image but rather focuses on immobilizing the arm, which may not be necessary for lymphedema. Option C) Apply cold soaks to the affected arm is incorrect as it is a treatment for acute inflammation or injury, not for managing lymphedema-related arm enlargement. Option D) Tie a tight bandage to the arm is also incorrect as tight bandages can exacerbate lymphedema by restricting lymph flow and causing discomfort. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the psychosocial aspects of caring for clients with chronic conditions like lymphedema. By providing supportive and practical advice, nurses can help clients maintain their self-esteem and quality of life while managing their health challenges. Empowering clients to make choices that enhance their self-image is a crucial aspect of holistic nursing care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the B subclassification of Hodgkin's disease, the most significant symptoms are fever and weight loss. This is because the presence of these two symptoms indicates a more advanced stage of the disease, reflecting systemic symptoms of inflammation and metabolic changes. Option B, night sweats and fever, is commonly associated with the A subclassification of Hodgkin's disease, not the B subclassification. Night sweats are a hallmark symptom of lymphomas in general, but in this context, it is not specific to the B subclassification. Option C, weight loss and anemia, while possible symptoms in Hodgkin's disease, are not the most significant symptoms in the B subclassification. Weight loss can be a nonspecific symptom seen in various conditions, and anemia can occur in different types of cancer as well. Option D, anemia and fever, lacks the specificity of the most significant symptoms associated with the B subclassification of Hodgkin's disease. While anemia and fever can be present in some cases, they are not the defining features of this particular subclassification. Educationally, understanding the distinct symptomatology of different subtypes of Hodgkin's disease is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. By recognizing the key symptoms associated with each subclassification, healthcare providers can make informed decisions regarding treatment strategies and patient care.