ATI RN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
For a client with low blood volume, what are the implications of decreasing blood pressure and a rapid heart rate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypovolemia and shock. Rationale: 1. Low blood volume leads to decreased blood pressure and rapid heart rate as compensatory mechanisms. 2. These signs indicate inadequate perfusion due to reduced blood volume. 3. Hypovolemia can progress to shock if not addressed promptly. Summary: A: Compression of blood vessels is not directly related to low blood volume. B: Increasing circulating blood volume would not occur in a client with low blood volume. C: Inadequate renal perfusion is a consequence of hypovolemia, not an implication of decreasing blood pressure and rapid heart rate.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has just had a modified radical mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. She’s in her 30s and has two young children. Although she’s worried about her future, she seems to be adjusting well to her diagnosis. What should the nurse do to support her coping?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Refer the client to the American Cancer Society’s Reach for Recovery program or another support program. This choice is the best option as it provides the client with additional support and resources specifically tailored to individuals coping with cancer and mastectomy. The Reach for Recovery program offers emotional support, education, and practical assistance which can immensely benefit the client during this challenging time. A: Involving the client's spouse or partner is important, but support programs like Reach for Recovery can offer specialized assistance that may not be fully covered by the spouse's support alone. B: While proceeding with the next phase of treatment is important, emotional support and coping mechanisms are equally crucial, which support programs can provide. C: Asking the client to remain cheerful may put pressure on her and may not address her emotional needs adequately, unlike a support program that is designed to provide comprehensive support.
Question 3 of 5
Antimetabolites are a diverse group of antineoplastic agents that interfere with various metabolic actions of the cell. The mechanism of action of antimetabolites interferes with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because antimetabolites interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids (RNA and/or DNA), affecting multiple stages of RNA and DNA synthesis. This disruption hinders cell division and leads to cell death. Choices A and B are incorrect because antimetabolites do not specifically target cell division during the M phase or normal cellular processes during the S phase. Choice C is also incorrect because antimetabolites primarily target nucleic acid synthesis rather than altering the chemical structure of DNA or the binding between DNA molecules.
Question 4 of 5
A few minutes after beginning a blood transfusion, the nurse notes that the client has chills, dyspnea, and urticaria. The nurse reports this to the physician immediately because the client probably is experiencing which problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A hemolytic reaction to mismatched blood. Chills, dyspnea, and urticaria are indicative of a hemolytic transfusion reaction, which occurs when the recipient's immune system attacks the donor's red blood cells. This can lead to various symptoms, including fever, chills, difficulty breathing, and hives. This type of reaction is most commonly seen with mismatched blood types. Option B (A hemolytic reaction to Rh-incompatible blood) is incorrect because Rh incompatibility typically leads to hemolytic disease of the newborn, not an immediate transfusion reaction. Option C (A hemolytic allergic reaction caused by bacterial contamination of donor blood) is incorrect as bacterial contamination would present with symptoms such as fever and sepsis, not chills, dyspnea, and urticaria. Option D (None of the above) is incorrect as the symptoms presented align with a hemolytic transfusion reaction.
Question 5 of 5
A client with uterine cancer asks the nurse, “Which is the most common type of cancer in women?” The nurse replies that it’s breast cancer. Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in women?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lung cancer. It causes the most deaths in women because it is often diagnosed at advanced stages when treatment options are limited. Breast cancer, although common, has a higher survival rate. Brain cancer is relatively rare compared to lung cancer. Colon and rectal cancer, while prevalent, do not surpass lung cancer in terms of mortality rates in women.