Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome is characterized by all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity that primarily affects infants and young children. The correct answer, D, "commonly improved with ingestion of soy protein-based formula," is correct because FPIES is commonly triggered by cow's milk or soy proteins. However, using a soy protein-based formula can worsen symptoms in these patients. Option A, "manifests in the first months of life," is a characteristic feature of FPIES as symptoms typically present in infancy. Option B, "vomiting occurs 1-3 hours after feeding," is also a common presentation of FPIES, with delayed onset vomiting being a hallmark symptom. Option C, "hypotension occurs in approximately 15% of cases," is incorrect as hypotension is not a common feature of FPIES; dehydration due to vomiting is more common. Educationally, it is crucial to understand the distinguishing features of FPIES to provide appropriate care and support to affected children and their families. Recognizing the symptoms, triggers, and appropriate management strategies, such as eliminating the offending food proteins, is essential in the nursing care of pediatric patients with FPIES. Additionally, highlighting the potential risks of alternative formulas, like soy-based formulas in FPIES, underscores the importance of accurate nutritional management in these cases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, recognizing signs and symptoms of various conditions is crucial for providing effective care. Extreme eosinophilia, which refers to an abnormally high level of eosinophils in the blood, suggests a drug reaction. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions. When a medication triggers an immune response, it can result in extreme eosinophilia as the body tries to fight off the perceived threat. Option A, a drug reaction, is the correct answer because medications can elicit immune responses leading to extreme eosinophilia. Options B, C, and D, which are allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma, respectively, are conditions associated with allergic responses but not specifically linked to extreme eosinophilia caused by drug reactions. In an educational context, understanding the significance of extreme eosinophilia can help healthcare providers identify potential adverse drug reactions in pediatric patients. It underscores the importance of thorough patient assessments, monitoring for unusual laboratory findings, and considering the possibility of medication-related complications in clinical practice. By mastering this concept, nurses can enhance their clinical judgment and provide safer care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the frequency of asthma symptoms is crucial for effective management. The correct answer is A) two times per week for a child with intermittent asthma. This classification means the child experiences symptoms less than two times a week, nighttime awakenings due to asthma less than two times a month, and does not have any interference with normal activities. Option B) three times per week would indicate mild persistent asthma, which requires different management strategies compared to intermittent asthma. Option C) four times per week would fall under moderate persistent asthma, while option D) five times per week would be classified as severe persistent asthma. Educationally, knowing these classifications helps nurses and healthcare providers assess the severity of asthma, determine appropriate treatment plans, and educate families on how to manage their child's condition effectively. Understanding these distinctions is vital in providing quality care and improving outcomes for pediatric patients with asthma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) sedation. First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, commonly cause sedation due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert central nervous system effects. This sedative effect is a well-known adverse reaction associated with these medications. Option B) blurred vision is not the most common adverse effect of first-generation antihistamines. While these medications can cause blurred vision, it is not as prevalent as sedation. Option C) urinary retention is not a commonly reported adverse effect of first-generation antihistamines. Anticholinergic effects, such as urinary retention, are more commonly associated with medications like anticholinergics used to treat overactive bladder. Option D) dry mouth is another common adverse effect of first-generation antihistamines; however, it is not the MOST common reported adverse effect. Dry mouth is a result of the anticholinergic properties of these medications. In an educational context, understanding the common adverse effects of medications is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatric nursing where dosage and side effect management are critical. Knowing that sedation is the most common adverse effect of first-generation antihistamines can help nurses anticipate and manage this side effect in pediatric patients to ensure their safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 90%. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the manifestations of anaphylaxis, as timely recognition and intervention are vital in saving a child's life. While some may associate anaphylaxis primarily with dermal symptoms like hives and swelling, it is essential to know that the absence of these skin symptoms does not rule out anaphylaxis. The correct answer, 90%, highlights that a significant proportion of patients who present with anaphylaxis may not exhibit dermal symptoms. This underscores the importance of considering anaphylaxis in the differential diagnosis even in the absence of typical skin manifestations. Option A) 50%, Option C) 70%, and Option D) 80% are incorrect because they suggest a lower likelihood of patients presenting without dermal symptoms in anaphylaxis cases. Understanding that the absence of skin symptoms does not exclude anaphylaxis is critical for healthcare providers to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment. Educationally, this question emphasizes the need for nurses to have a broad understanding of anaphylaxis presentations beyond just dermal symptoms. It encourages critical thinking and challenges assumptions, preparing nurses to provide comprehensive care to pediatric patients in various clinical scenarios.