Following treatment with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for depression, Mary hardly sleeps, is hyperactive, easily distracted, and appears elated. You would expect her physician to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, Mary is displaying symptoms of mania, which can be induced by antidepressants like fluoxetine in individuals with bipolar disorder. The correct answer is to start a mood stabilizer because Mary's symptoms suggest a switch from depression to a manic state. Mood stabilizers are essential in managing manic episodes to prevent potential harm and stabilize mood fluctuations. Option A is incorrect because continuing the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor can exacerbate Mary's manic symptoms. Switching to a tricyclic antidepressant (Option C) is not recommended as they can also induce manic episodes. Adding a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (Option D) is not the best choice as it can worsen mania. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and managing manic symptoms induced by antidepressants, especially in individuals with bipolar disorder. Understanding the need for mood stabilizers in such cases is crucial for safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon and rectum. It presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, and weight loss. This is because the inflammation in ulcerative colitis is continuous and affects the innermost lining of the colon. Option A) Crohn's disease is incorrect because while it is also an inflammatory bowel disease, it can affect any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus, not just the colon and rectum. Option B) Diverticulitis is characterized by inflammation or infection of small pouches that can develop in the walls of the colon, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain and fever, but not typically bloody diarrhea. Option D) Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix and presents with symptoms such as right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and fever, but not typically bloody diarrhea or weight loss. Understanding the key differences between these conditions is crucial for healthcare professionals to make accurate diagnoses and provide appropriate treatments. This knowledge helps in delivering quality patient care and improving patient outcomes in medical-surgical settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), the correct answer is C) Platelet count and RBC. This is because ITP is characterized by a low platelet count, which significantly increases the risk of bleeding in affected individuals. Monitoring platelet count is crucial in assessing the severity of thrombocytopenia and guiding treatment decisions to prevent bleeding complications. Monitoring red blood cells (RBC) is also important as chronic bleeding can lead to anemia in patients with ITP. Option A) WBC and bleeding time is incorrect because ITP primarily affects platelets, not white blood cells. Bleeding time may be prolonged in ITP due to low platelet count, but monitoring platelet count directly is more specific. Option B) Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) are coagulation tests that assess the clotting function of plasma factors, which are not directly affected in ITP. Monitoring these parameters would not provide information specific to platelet function. Option D) Iron and ferritin levels are indicators of iron stores in the body and are not directly related to the risk of bleeding in ITP. While chronic bleeding can lead to iron deficiency anemia, monitoring platelet count and RBC are more directly relevant in managing ITP. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind monitoring specific parameters in different medical conditions is crucial for providing effective patient care. By emphasizing the importance of monitoring platelet count and RBC in ITP, healthcare providers can make informed decisions to optimize patient outcomes and prevent complications related to thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Excessive bleeding after minor trauma. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs the blood's ability to clot properly. Individuals with hemophilia lack certain clotting factors, leading to prolonged bleeding even after minor injuries. Teaching the signs and symptoms of hemophilia is crucial for patient safety and early intervention. Option A) Clot formation, especially in the veins of the lower extremities, is incorrect because hemophilia actually leads to difficulty in clot formation, not excess clotting. Option B) Low blood counts and fatigue due to lack of adequate red blood cell production is incorrect as hemophilia specifically affects clotting factors, not red blood cell production. Option C) High blood counts and clot formation under the nails is incorrect as hemophilia results in difficulty forming clots, not excessive clotting. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of hemophilia is essential for healthcare providers to recognize and respond promptly to bleeding episodes in patients with this condition to prevent complications and provide appropriate care. Teaching patients about these signs also empowers them to seek medical attention promptly when needed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Frontal lobe. The frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for higher-level functions such as reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, and speech production. Given that Mary is unable to speak, it indicates that the tumor is likely affecting this area of her brain. Option A) Occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, so a tumor in this area would more likely result in visual disturbances rather than speech impairment. Option B) Cerebellum plays a role in coordination and balance, so a tumor here would manifest as issues with motor skills and coordination rather than speech. Option D) Parietal lobe is involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness, so a tumor in this region would likely lead to sensory disturbances rather than speech difficulties. Understanding the location of brain functions is crucial in diagnosing and treating neurological conditions. This knowledge allows healthcare providers to predict possible symptoms based on the affected area, guiding appropriate interventions and improving patient outcomes.