Following the vaginal birth of a macrosomic infant, the nurse should evaluate the infant for

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Macrosomic infants are at risk for birth injuries, such as clavicle fractures, cephalohematomas, and brachial palsy. Evaluating for hyperglycemia and hyperthermia is important as well, but the priority assessment for a macrosomic infant would be to check for birth injuries, specifically clavicle fractures. An increase in red blood cells would not be the priority assessment in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the definition of recurrent pneumonia is crucial for accurate assessment and management of children with respiratory issues. The correct answer is C) 3 or more episodes in a single year, with radiographic clearing between occurrences. This definition is accurate as it signifies the persistence and frequency of pneumonia episodes, while also emphasizing the importance of radiographic evidence of clearing to distinguish between recurrent infections. Option A is incorrect because it only requires 2 episodes and does not specify the need for radiographic clearing, which is essential to confirm resolution and prevent misdiagnosis. Option B is incorrect as it also lacks the requirement for radiographic clearing, leading to potential misinterpretation of unresolved infections as recurrent pneumonia. Educationally, understanding the definition of recurrent pneumonia helps nurses in identifying high-risk children who may require further investigations, treatment adjustments, or preventive measures. It emphasizes the importance of thorough assessment, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management to ensure optimal respiratory health in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) B. cepacia. The presence of B. cepacia in the lower airways strongly suggests a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. B. cepacia is a pathogen commonly found in the respiratory tract of individuals with cystic fibrosis due to their impaired mucociliary clearance, making them more susceptible to colonization by opportunistic pathogens like B. cepacia. Option B) gram-negative rods is a non-specific finding as many pathogens fall under this category and do not specifically point towards cystic fibrosis. Option C) nontuberculous mycobacterial species and Option D) Mycoplasma are not typically associated with cystic fibrosis. Educationally, understanding the specific pathogens associated with cystic fibrosis is crucial for pediatric nurses as early detection and management of the disease can significantly improve patient outcomes. Being able to recognize key pathogens like B. cepacia can lead to prompt interventions and better quality of care for pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric respiratory nursing, understanding conditions associated with increased intrathoracic pressure is crucial for providing effective care. In this question, the correct answer is D) Cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and can lead to the production of thick, sticky mucus. This mucus can obstruct the airways, leading to increased intrathoracic pressure. Therefore, cystic fibrosis is directly associated with increased intrathoracic pressure in children. A) Pneumothorax is incorrect because it is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space, not specifically related to increased intrathoracic pressure. B) Asthma is incorrect because while it can cause air trapping and increased pressure in the airways, it is not primarily associated with increased intrathoracic pressure. C) Pneumatocele is incorrect because it is a rare complication of pneumonia where air-filled cavities form within the lung tissue, but it is not directly linked to increased intrathoracic pressure. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing different respiratory conditions in children and their respective effects on intrathoracic pressure. Understanding these relationships is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients with respiratory conditions to provide appropriate interventions and support.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the assessment of scoliosis is crucial for early detection and intervention. The correct answer is A) 25 degrees because a curve exceeding 25 degrees is typically considered as scoliosis. This threshold is important as it helps in identifying the condition early and initiating appropriate management to prevent progression and potential complications. Option B) 30 degrees, Option C) 35 degrees, and Option D) 40 degrees are incorrect as they suggest higher degrees of curvature before defining scoliosis. Waiting for a curve to reach 30, 35, or 40 degrees before diagnosing scoliosis can delay necessary interventions and potentially allow the curvature to worsen. Educationally, understanding the specific angle criteria for diagnosing scoliosis is essential for nurses working with pediatric patients. Early identification through proper assessment techniques like physical examination and radiographic evaluation can lead to timely referrals to orthopedic specialists, implementation of appropriate treatments, and improved outcomes for patients with scoliosis. Nurses play a key role in screening, monitoring, and educating patients and families about scoliosis, making this knowledge critical in pediatric nursing practice.