ATI RN
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs NCLEX Style Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
Following mediators are involved in acute inflammation except
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Interferons are involved in antiviral defense and immune modulation, not acute inflammation.
Question 2 of 9
Which of the following drugs would be most appropriate for this patient to substitute for valproic acid therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carbamazepine is a common alternative to valproic acid for seizure management, especially in women of childbearing age who want to start a family.
Question 3 of 9
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the 45-year-old man recently diagnosed with partial seizures?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbamazepine is a commonly used antiepileptic drug for the treatment of partial seizures. Given the patient's diagnosis and symptoms, Carbamazepine would be a likely choice for the neurologist to prescribe in this case.
Question 4 of 9
An endocrine gland that plays an important role in calcium metabolism is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parathyroid (choice D) regulates calcium via PTH, increasing blood levels. Pancreas (choice A) manages glucose, adrenals (choice B) stress hormones, thyroid (choice C) metabolism via calcitonin. Parathyroid's calcium role is primary.
Question 5 of 9
Corticosteroids are used in treatment of the following conditions EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids treat anaphylaxis (choice A), transplantation (choice B), and osteoarthritis (choice C) via anti-inflammatory effects. Hypertension (choice D) is a side effect, not an indication, making it the exception. This clarifies therapeutic scope.
Question 6 of 9
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the 12-year-old girl with refractory absence seizures?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this case, the neurologist decided to add a second-generation antiepileptic drug that blocks voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and may inhibit the synaptic release of glutamate. Among the choices, Lamotrigine fits this description as it is known to block voltage-gated sodium channels, making it the most likely drug prescribed for the patient.
Question 7 of 9
A first-year surgery intern has rotated on numerous surgical services. He has gotten quite used to ordering morphine for pain control. However, which of the following is an absolute contraindication to opioid use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Closed head injury (choice A) contraindicates morphine due to respiratory depression and ICP elevation, masking neurological signs. MI (choice B), pulmonary edema (choice C), and diarrhea (choice D) benefit from morphine. This exception ensures safety.
Question 8 of 9
A woman enters your clinic with an enlarged thyroid and you suspect simple adenomatous goiter. Which of the following would be the best treatment if the laboratory results shows low levels of free T3 and T4?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Levothyroxine (choice D) treats hypothyroid goiter (low T3/T4) by replacing thyroid hormone, shrinking the gland. TSH infusion (choice A) worsens it, Propranolol (choice B) manages hyperthyroid symptoms, Propylthiouracil (choice C) reduces hormone in hyperthyroidism. Levothyroxine is appropriate.
Question 9 of 9
In the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in which there is excess production of cortisol precursor, the purpose of administration of synthetic glucocorticoid is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In CAH (choice D), synthetic glucocorticoids suppress ACTH, reducing adrenal precursor excess (e.g., 17-hydroxyprogesterone). Aldosterone (choice A), renal (choice B), and immune (choice C) effects aren't primary goals. ACTH suppression corrects the defect.