Following acute bronchiolitis, which virus is associated with the long-term complication of bronchiolitis obliterans?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the long-term complications of respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis is crucial for providing effective care. In this case, the correct answer is A) Adenovirus. Adenovirus is associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans, a serious condition where the small airways in the lungs become inflamed and scarred, leading to long-term respiratory issues. Human metapneumovirus (Option B), Influenza virus (Option C), and Parainfluenza virus (Option D) are not typically associated with bronchiolitis obliterans. While these viruses can cause respiratory symptoms and complications, they are not commonly linked to the specific long-term complication mentioned in the question. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of differentiating between respiratory viruses and their potential long-term effects on pediatric patients. Nurses need to be aware of the specific associations between viruses and complications to provide comprehensive care and appropriate interventions for children recovering from bronchiolitis. Understanding these connections can help nurses monitor for signs of bronchiolitis obliterans and collaborate with healthcare teams to manage and prevent long-term respiratory issues in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Giardia infection. Eosinophilia is an abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, which is commonly associated with allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and some autoimmune diseases. Giardia infection typically does not cause eosinophilia. Option B) Toxocara infection is associated with eosinophilia. Toxocara is a parasitic infection that can lead to eosinophilic reactions in the body. Option C) Drug hypersensitivity reactions can also lead to eosinophilia. Certain medications can trigger an immune response that results in an increase in eosinophils. Option D) Periarteritis nodosa is a systemic vasculitis that can cause eosinophilia as part of the inflammatory response in the body. In an educational context, understanding the causes of eosinophilia is essential for pediatric nurses as they care for children with various health conditions. Recognizing the different etiologies of eosinophilia can guide nurses in identifying potential underlying issues and providing appropriate interventions. This knowledge helps ensure comprehensive and effective care for pediatric patients presenting with eosinophilia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Dennie lines. Dennie lines are not a sign of moderate to severe airway obstruction resulting from an allergic response. Supraclavicular and intercostal retractions (option B) are indicative of increased work of breathing which occurs in airway obstruction. Cyanosis (option C) is a late sign of respiratory distress and indicates inadequate oxygenation. Pulsus paradoxus (option D) is a sign seen in conditions like severe asthma and can indicate worsening airway obstruction. In an educational context, understanding the signs of airway obstruction in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses. Recognizing these signs promptly can help in initiating appropriate interventions to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in identifying respiratory distress in children to provide timely and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In diagnosing atopic dermatitis in older children and adults, it is crucial to understand the major criteria involved. Angioedema, as identified in option C, is not a major criterion for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. This is because angioedema is more commonly associated with urticaria rather than atopic dermatitis. Option A, eczematous or lichenified dermatitis, is a major criterion as atopic dermatitis typically presents with these skin manifestations. Option B, pruritus (itching), is also a key feature of atopic dermatitis and is often a significant symptom reported by patients. Option D, chronic or relapsing course, is another important criterion as atopic dermatitis tends to be a chronic condition with periods of exacerbation and remission. In an educational context, understanding the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis is essential for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses. By knowing the key features and major criteria, nurses can accurately assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate care for patients with atopic dermatitis. This knowledge helps in formulating effective treatment plans and educating patients and their families on managing this chronic skin condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of contact dermatitis is crucial for providing effective care to children. In the context of this question, the correct answer, option A) Foods, is not a common cause of contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is typically caused by external factors that come into contact with the skin, triggering an allergic reaction. Foods are more commonly associated with food allergies or other types of skin reactions, rather than contact dermatitis. Option B) Poison ivy is a common cause of contact dermatitis due to the plant's oily resin that can trigger an allergic reaction upon skin contact. Option C) Fragrances can also cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals, as the chemicals in fragrances can irritate the skin and lead to an allergic response. Option D) Latex is known to be a common cause of contact dermatitis, especially in healthcare settings where latex gloves are frequently used. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between various causes of skin reactions in children. By understanding the common triggers of contact dermatitis, nurses can take appropriate preventive measures and provide accurate guidance to parents and caregivers in managing and avoiding potential allergens that may exacerbate skin conditions in children.