Following acute bronchiolitis, which virus is associated with the long-term complication of bronchiolitis obliterans?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the long-term complications following acute bronchiolitis is crucial for providing comprehensive care to children. The correct answer is A) Adenovirus. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare but serious complication that can occur after severe bronchiolitis caused by adenovirus infection. Adenovirus can lead to inflammation and scarring of the small airways in the lungs, resulting in bronchiolitis obliterans. Option B) Human metapneumovirus is incorrect because it is not typically associated with bronchiolitis obliterans. While human metapneumovirus can cause respiratory infections in children, it is not a common cause of this specific long-term complication. Option C) Influenza virus is also incorrect in this context. Influenza virus is known to cause respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis, but it is not the primary virus associated with bronchiolitis obliterans. Option D) Parainfluenza virus is not the correct answer either. Parainfluenza virus is more commonly linked to croup and other upper respiratory infections in children, rather than bronchiolitis obliterans. Understanding the specific viruses associated with different respiratory conditions in pediatric patients is essential for nurses to deliver accurate assessments, interventions, and education to both patients and their families. Recognizing the long-term complications of respiratory infections helps nurses in anticipating potential complications, promoting early intervention, and improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Eosinophilia is a condition characterized by an increased level of eosinophils in the blood, which can be indicative of various underlying conditions. In the context of this question, the correct answer is A) Giardia infection. Eosinophilia is commonly observed in parasitic infections, such as Toxocara infection, due to the body's immune response to the parasites. Drug hypersensitivity reactions can also lead to eosinophilia as part of the body's allergic response. Periarteritis nodosa, a type of vasculitis, can also cause eosinophilia due to the inflammation of blood vessel walls. In the case of Giardia infection, eosinophilia is not a typical finding. Giardiasis, caused by the parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia, typically presents with symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and bloating, but eosinophilia is not a prominent feature of this infection. From an educational perspective, understanding the causes of eosinophilia is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in pediatric nursing. It helps in proper diagnosis and management of various conditions, including infections and hypersensitivity reactions. By knowing the specific conditions associated with eosinophilia, nurses can provide better care and support to pediatric patients presenting with these symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the signs and symptoms of airway obstruction due to allergic responses as they can rapidly escalate and lead to life-threatening situations. In this question, the correct answer is A) Dennie lines, which is not a sign of moderate to severe airway obstruction. Dennie lines are wrinkles beneath the lower eyelids, which are commonly seen in children with chronic allergies but are not indicative of an acute airway obstruction. On the other hand, options B, C, and D are all signs of moderate to severe airway obstruction. Supraclavicular and intercostal retractions indicate increased work of breathing, cyanosis signifies inadequate oxygenation, and pulsus paradoxus (a drop in systolic blood pressure during inspiration) can suggest severe airway obstruction such as in conditions like croup or epiglottitis. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing specific clinical signs associated with airway obstruction in pediatric patients. Understanding these signs is critical for prompt assessment and intervention to prevent respiratory compromise and ensure optimal patient outcomes. By differentiating between signs like Dennie lines and those indicative of airway obstruction, nurses can provide timely and appropriate care in emergency situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing certification practice questions, understanding the major criteria for diagnosing atopic dermatitis is crucial for providing optimal care to pediatric patients. In this question, the correct answer is C) Angioedema, as it is not a major criterion for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in older children and adults. Angioedema is not a typical presentation of atopic dermatitis. Instead, the major criteria for diagnosing atopic dermatitis include A) Eczematous or lichenified dermatitis, B) Pruritus, and D) Chronic or relapsing course. Eczematous or lichenified dermatitis refers to the characteristic skin changes seen in atopic dermatitis, such as redness, scaling, and thickening of the skin. Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom associated with atopic dermatitis. The chronic or relapsing course of the condition is also a key feature in its diagnosis, as atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by flare-ups and periods of remission. Educationally, understanding the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis is essential for nurses working with pediatric patients who may present with this condition. By knowing the major criteria and being able to differentiate them from less common symptoms like angioedema, nurses can effectively assess, diagnose, and manage atopic dermatitis in older children and adults.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the common causes of contact dermatitis is crucial for providing optimal care to children. In this case, the correct answer is A) Foods. Contact dermatitis is a type of skin inflammation that occurs when the skin comes into contact with a substance that triggers an immune response. While foods can certainly cause allergic reactions in children, they are not a common cause of contact dermatitis compared to substances like poison ivy, fragrances, and latex. Poison ivy contains a resin called urushiol that can cause a red, itchy rash when it comes into contact with the skin. Fragrances, often found in personal care products, can contain allergens that may lead to contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Latex is a known allergen that can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions upon contact. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between various causes of skin reactions in children. By understanding the common triggers of contact dermatitis, nurses can accurately assess and manage skin conditions in pediatric patients. Providing education to parents about potential allergens and irritants can also help prevent future episodes of contact dermatitis in children.