Following a discussion about impending chemotherapy, Mrs. Morris says: 'I need to buy a wig.' From her comment you know Mrs. Morris understands one of the side effects of chemotherapy is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) alopecia. Alopecia refers to hair loss, which is a common side effect of chemotherapy. When Mrs. Morris mentions buying a wig, she is likely anticipating hair loss due to the treatment. This demonstrates her understanding of this particular side effect. Option A) hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth, which is not a typical side effect of chemotherapy. Option C) tinnea capitus is a fungal infection of the scalp, unrelated to chemotherapy. Option D) folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicles, also not directly associated with chemotherapy. In an educational context, understanding the side effects of chemotherapy is crucial for patients undergoing cancer treatment. Recognizing and preparing for these side effects can help patients cope better with the physical and emotional changes they may experience. This question not only tests knowledge but also reinforces the importance of patient education and support during cancer treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) MRI. High-risk clients, such as those with a family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations, require additional screening beyond mammography to detect cancer at an early stage. MRI is recommended for these individuals because it is more sensitive in detecting breast cancer in dense breast tissue compared to mammography alone. MRI can provide detailed images of the breast tissue, helping to identify abnormalities that may be missed by mammography. A) Breast biopsy is a diagnostic procedure done after an abnormality is detected on imaging studies like mammography or MRI. It is not a recommended screening test for high-risk clients. C) Ultrasound is useful as a supplemental imaging tool for evaluating breast abnormalities found on mammography or MRI, but it is not typically recommended as a primary screening test for high-risk clients. D) CT scan is not routinely used for breast cancer screening due to its limited sensitivity in detecting breast abnormalities. It is primarily used for staging cancer or evaluating distant metastasis. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the choice of MRI for high-risk clients is crucial for healthcare providers involved in breast cancer screening and management. It highlights the importance of personalized screening approaches based on individual risk factors and the strengths of different diagnostic modalities in detecting breast cancer. This knowledge empowers healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding the most appropriate screening strategies for their patients, ultimately improving early detection and outcomes in high-risk populations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Torsion of the spermatic cord. Torsion of the spermatic cord occurs when the testicle twists, causing a sudden and severe pain in the scrotum. This condition is a medical emergency as it can lead to decreased blood flow to the testicle, resulting in tissue damage and potential loss of the testicle if not promptly treated. Cryptorchidism (B) is the condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It is a congenital condition and not related to the sudden onset of pain described in the case. Phimosis (C) is the inability to retract the foreskin from the head of the penis. This condition does not present with sudden testicular pain as described in the case. Spermatocele (D) is a cyst-like growth that develops in the epididymis, the coiled tube located behind the testicle. It is usually painless and does not typically cause sudden intense testicular pain. Educationally, understanding the differential diagnosis of testicular pain is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses, to provide appropriate and timely care. Recognizing the symptoms and signs of conditions like torsion of the spermatic cord is essential for prompt intervention to prevent complications like testicular ischemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Elevate the client's arm on two pillows to promote lymphatic drainage, which can be delegated to a nursing assistant. This task is appropriate for delegation because it is a non-invasive intervention that does not require specialized knowledge or assessment skills. Nursing assistants are trained to assist with activities of daily living and basic patient care, like positioning clients for comfort. Option A) Teach the client why blood pressure measurements are taken on the left arm requires specialized knowledge and explanation that should be provided by a nurse. Option C) Assess the client's right arm for lymphedema involves a comprehensive assessment that requires nursing judgment and skill, so it should not be delegated. Option D) Wrap the client's right arm with elastic bandages involves applying a treatment that requires assessment, judgment, and knowledge of proper technique, making it inappropriate for delegation to a nursing assistant. In an educational context, understanding the principles of delegation is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective patient care. Delegation involves assigning appropriate tasks to the right personnel based on their competency level, training, and scope of practice. It is important to differentiate between tasks that can be delegated and those that require specialized skills to maintain patient safety and quality of care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of a home health client who has undergone a radical prostatectomy, delegating the task of assisting the client to ambulate for increasing distances to the home health aide is appropriate. This activity helps in promoting the client's physical mobility and independence in a safe manner, which is crucial for recovery post-surgery. Option A, monitoring the client for symptoms of urinary tract infection, requires a higher level of clinical judgment and assessment skills usually possessed by a nurse or healthcare provider. Home health aides are generally not trained to diagnose or assess medical conditions. Option B, helping the client to connect the catheter to the leg bag, involves a specialized skill that falls within the scope of a licensed healthcare professional due to infection control and catheter care considerations. Option C, assessing the client's incision for appropriate wound healing, also requires specific training and knowledge to identify signs of infection or complications accurately. Educationally, understanding the scope of practice for different healthcare team members is essential for safe and effective patient care delegation. It is crucial to match tasks with the appropriate level of training and competence to ensure quality care delivery and patient safety.