Following a cocaine high, the user commonly experiences an extremely unpleasant feeling called:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Crashing. The term "crashing" in the context of drug use refers to the period following the high when the user experiences a range of unpleasant symptoms. This can include fatigue, depression, anxiety, irritability, and intense drug cravings. It is a physiological response to the stimulant effects of cocaine wearing off and the body's attempt to regain balance. Option A) Craving is incorrect because while it is a common experience after drug use, it specifically refers to the intense desire or urge to use the drug again, rather than the overall unpleasant feeling after the high. Option C) Outward bound is unrelated to the physiological effects of cocaine use and does not describe the specific state discussed in the question. Option D) Nodding out is a term more commonly associated with opioid use, describing the drowsy, semi-conscious state that users may experience, which is not typically associated with the effects of cocaine. In an educational context, understanding the physiological and psychological effects of drug use, such as the concept of crashing after a cocaine high, is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, who may encounter patients with substance use disorders. Recognizing these symptoms and understanding their implications can help in providing appropriate care and support to individuals struggling with substance abuse.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Decreased cardiac output. In a post myocardial infarction client, a drop in urinary output can be attributed to decreased cardiac output. This is because a compromised heart function can lead to reduced perfusion to the kidneys, resulting in decreased urine production. Option A) Dehydration is less likely in this scenario as the client is in an intensive care unit where fluid balance is closely monitored. Option B) Diminished blood volume could be a consequence of decreased cardiac output, but it is not the primary reason for the drop in urinary output in this case. Option D) Renal failure would typically present with other signs and symptoms such as changes in electrolyte levels and increased creatinine levels, which are not mentioned in the question stem. Educationally, understanding the relationship between cardiac output and renal perfusion is crucial in managing post myocardial infarction clients. Nurses need to recognize the signs of inadequate tissue perfusion and understand the impact it can have on organ function, particularly the kidneys. Monitoring urinary output is a key component of assessing a client's hemodynamic status and response to treatment in critical care settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Idiosyncratic response means it occurs because of an unknown reason. This response to something the body has been exposed to before is not unknown. Autoimmune disorders are ones in which the body attacks self-cells. This example is an outside antigen. Type I hypersensitivities are those that occur when the body, previously sensitized to a substance, is then exposed a second time and reacts. Immunossuppression occurs when the immune system is not working. Mr. Rowe's immune system responded to the antigen, so it is not suppressed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Preventing injury by restraining the client, if necessary, is a nursing action of stage II, which extends from loss of consciousness to relaxation. Stage III extends from the loss of lid reflex to cessation of voluntary respirations. Operative procedures are performed during stage III of inhalation anesthesia. Promoting restoration of ventilation and vasomotor tone is a nursing action for stage IV in which an overdose has occurred. Respiratory arrest and vasomotor collapse result from medullary paralysis. Reduction of external stimuli is a nursing action for stage I, which extends from induction to loss of consciousness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vital signs may be altered if there is acute pain or complications related to bleeding or swelling, but it should not be assessed before checking the affected extremity. The extremity can be elevated if ordered by the physician. Assessment of the postoperative area is important to determine the presence of bleeding, swelling, or decreased circulation. Reinforcement of teaching on the use of the patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) pump is important, but it is not the first action.