Following a bone marrow transplant, the patient has an increased risk for

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a bone marrow transplant, the correct answer is B) Infection. Patients undergoing bone marrow transplants have compromised immune systems due to the intensive treatment they receive, which includes chemotherapy and radiation. This compromised immune system puts them at a significantly higher risk for infections, as their body's ability to fight off pathogens is weakened. Option A) Bleeding is not the correct answer because bleeding issues are more commonly associated with conditions that affect platelet function or clotting factors, rather than specifically with bone marrow transplants. While patients may experience bleeding tendencies post-transplant, infection risk is a more significant concern. Option C) Clot formation is not the correct answer either. Bone marrow transplant patients are more likely to have issues with bleeding due to low platelet counts rather than clot formation. Option D) Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of many treatments, including chemotherapy, but they are not directly related to the increased risk following a bone marrow transplant. Educationally, understanding the increased risk of infection post-bone marrow transplant is crucial for healthcare providers caring for these patients. Implementing strict infection control measures and promptly recognizing and treating infections are vital to improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of caring for a patient with osteomyelitis, the correct answer, D) All of the above, is the most comprehensive option for discharge teaching. A) The importance of multiple-week treatment with antibiotics is crucial as osteomyelitis often requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to fully eradicate the infection. This ensures patient compliance and effective treatment. B) Teaching about the side effects and interactions of medications is essential for patient safety and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan. Patients need to be aware of potential adverse effects and drug interactions to report them promptly. C) Educating the patient on symptoms that necessitate contacting healthcare providers is vital for early detection of complications or worsening infection. This empowers the patient to seek timely medical intervention, which is crucial in managing osteomyelitis effectively. The incorrect options lack the comprehensive approach needed for a patient with osteomyelitis. Option A and B focus on specific aspects but do not cover all essential areas of discharge teaching. Option C is important but alone is not sufficient for comprehensive patient education. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of thorough discharge teaching for patients with complex conditions like osteomyelitis. It emphasizes the need for holistic patient education to ensure optimal outcomes and patient safety post-discharge.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the treatment of pernicious anemia, the correct option is C) Parenteral vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral administration of vitamin B12 is ineffective in these cases due to the lack of intrinsic factor. Therefore, parenteral administration (intramuscular injection) of vitamin B12 is the preferred route of administration for patients with pernicious anemia. Option A) Oral iron is incorrect because pernicious anemia is not caused by an iron deficiency, but rather a vitamin B12 deficiency. Option B) Oral folic acid is also incorrect as folic acid supplementation is not the primary treatment for pernicious anemia. Option D) Oral prednisone is not indicated in the treatment of pernicious anemia. Educationally, understanding the specific treatment approach for pernicious anemia is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to effectively manage patients with this condition. It is essential to differentiate between various types of anemia and tailor treatment based on the underlying cause to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pain is typically experienced with activity. This is because the inflammation in the joints is aggravated by movement, leading to increased pain during physical exertion. The correct answer, option A, aligns with the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis where joint inflammation is triggered by movement and use of the affected joints. Option B, stating that pain is only upon awakening, is incorrect because rheumatoid arthritis pain is not limited to a specific time of day. Option C, suggesting pain late in the evening, is also incorrect as the pain experienced in rheumatoid arthritis is not restricted to a particular time but is more related to activity levels. Option D, stating that pain is present all day without remission, is too generalized and does not accurately reflect the characteristic pattern of pain in rheumatoid arthritis. In an educational context, understanding the patterns of pain in rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively manage and support patients with this condition. Educating patients about how their pain is related to activity can help them make informed decisions about managing their symptoms and improving their quality of life. It is essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals to have a comprehensive understanding of rheumatoid arthritis to provide holistic care to patients with this chronic condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct nursing intervention is to choose option D: report the findings to the provider. This is crucial because the patient is experiencing severe incisional pain along with elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, tachypnea, and pallor, which may indicate a potential complication post-spinal anesthesia. These vital signs and symptoms suggest a possible spinal headache, hypotension, or other complications that require immediate attention from the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Option A (medicating the patient for pain) is not appropriate at this time without further assessment and evaluation by the provider to determine the cause of the pain and the appropriate treatment. Administering pain medication without addressing the underlying issue can mask symptoms and delay necessary interventions. Option B (placing the patient in a high Fowler position and administering oxygen) is not the priority in this situation as the patient's oxygen saturation is not provided, and the primary concern is the severe incisional pain along with the abnormal vital signs. Option C (placing the patient in a reverse Trendelenburg position and opening the IV line) is not indicated based on the patient's symptoms and vital signs. This intervention does not address the underlying issue of severe incisional pain and abnormal vital signs, which require immediate attention and further evaluation by the healthcare provider. Educationally, this scenario emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and prioritization in nursing care. It highlights the need to assess and recognize abnormal findings, prioritize interventions based on the patient's condition, and collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure timely and appropriate management of postoperative complications. Reporting critical findings to the provider promptly is essential in ensuring patient safety and optimal outcomes.