ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called _ which allows the surface area to _.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rugae, Increase. Rugae are folds in the mucosa of the stomach that allow for expansion of the stomach when food is ingested, increasing the surface area for digestion and absorption. Rugae help in mixing and breaking down food efficiently. Explanation: 1. Rugae are specifically found in the stomach to increase surface area for digestion. 2. The folds of rugae help in stretching the stomach to accommodate food intake. 3. Increased surface area aids in better absorption of nutrients. 4. Crypts are invaginations in the mucosa but not related to increasing surface area. 5. Option C and D are incorrect because rugae actually increase, not decrease, the surface area of the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
A patient's peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) bag is nearly empty, and a new PN bag has not arrived yet from the pharmacy. Which intervention by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Infusing 5% dextrose in water will provide the patient with necessary calories and prevent hypoglycemia until the new PN bag arrives. 2. Dextrose infusion will help maintain glucose levels and prevent metabolic complications. 3. Monitoring capillary blood glucose every 6 hours (Choice A) may not provide immediate support to prevent hypoglycemia. 4. Decreasing the PN infusion rate (Choice D) may lead to inadequate nutrition and compromise patient's metabolic needs.
Question 3 of 5
Which information in this male patient's electronic health record as shown in the accompanying figure will the nurse use to confirm that the patient has metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Waist size. The nurse can confirm metabolic syndrome by assessing waist size as it is a key component in diagnosing the condition. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by central obesity, which is reflected in an increased waist circumference. The other choices, weight (A), blood glucose (C), and blood pressure (D), may provide valuable information in assessing the patient's overall health but are not specific indicators of metabolic syndrome. Weight alone does not necessarily indicate central obesity, blood glucose may be elevated due to other reasons, and blood pressure can be affected by various factors unrelated to metabolic syndrome. Therefore, waist size is the most relevant measure to confirm the presence of metabolic syndrome in this case.
Question 4 of 5
The term wisdom tooth refers to the _____ tooth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: third molar. Wisdom teeth are the third molars located at the back of the mouth. They typically erupt in late teens or early twenties. Incisors (A) are front teeth for cutting, second bicuspids (C) help with chewing, and first cuspids (D) are also known as canines for tearing food. The key is understanding dental anatomy and the specific location/function of each tooth type.
Question 5 of 5
Urea is synthesized by the liver following _____ metabolism.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: protein. Urea is a waste product formed during the breakdown of proteins in the liver. Amino acids from protein metabolism are deaminated, leading to the formation of ammonia, which is then converted to urea in the urea cycle. Carbohydrates are not directly involved in urea synthesis. Lipids are primarily metabolized to produce energy and do not contribute to urea formation. Nucleic acids are broken down into nucleotides, not amino acids, and are not directly related to urea synthesis.