ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are most likely indicated in which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Genital infections. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections in the genital area due to their broad spectrum of activity against various types of bacteria commonly implicated in these infections. They are effective against pathogens such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and other sexually transmitted infections. A: Asthma - Fluoroquinolones are not indicated for the treatment of asthma as they are not effective against the underlying causes of asthma such as inflammation and bronchoconstriction. B: Follicular conjunctivitis - While fluoroquinolones can be used topically in the eye for certain eye infections, they are not typically indicated for follicular conjunctivitis which often requires different types of antibiotics. C: GERD - Fluoroquinolones are not used to treat GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) which is a condition related to stomach acid reflux into the esophagus. Antacids
Question 2 of 5
Tolerance may be caused by desensitization, internalization or downregulation of receptors, requiring higher drug doses to maintain the same response. Tolerance also often results from enhanced drug elimination that alters the concentrations of drugs available to interact with receptor.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer A is correct: 1. Desensitization, internalization, and downregulation of receptors can lead to tolerance by reducing the responsiveness of receptors to a drug. 2. Higher drug doses are needed to achieve the same effect due to decreased receptor sensitivity. 3. Enhanced drug elimination can reduce drug concentrations, requiring higher doses to achieve the desired response. 4. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the mechanisms of tolerance development. Summary: Choice A is correct because it accurately explains how desensitization, internalization, downregulation of receptors, and enhanced drug elimination can contribute to the development of tolerance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a comprehensive explanation of tolerance mechanisms.
Question 3 of 5
A pregnant patient with a history of thrombosis. With prophylactic treatment would you prescribe?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Enoxaparin. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin commonly used for thrombosis prophylaxis in pregnant patients due to its safety profile. It does not cross the placenta, reducing the risk of fetal bleeding. Alteplase (B) is a thrombolytic agent used for acute thrombotic events, not prophylaxis. Clopidogrel (C) is an antiplatelet drug and not recommended during pregnancy due to potential fetal harm. Warfarin (D) is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic effects and risks of fetal bleeding.
Question 4 of 5
The NP at the immunization clinic is reviewing the list of patients who are scheduled to receive the varicella vaccination. The NP will cancel all of the following patients except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because having asthma does not contraindicate receiving the varicella vaccination. Asthma is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine, so the NP should not cancel the appointment for the 8-year-old patient with asthma. All the other choices have contraindications to receiving the varicella vaccine. A: Neomycin allergy is a contraindication as the vaccine may contain neomycin. B: Gelatin allergy is a contraindication as the varicella vaccine may contain gelatin. D: Pregnancy is a contraindication as live vaccines like varicella are generally not recommended during pregnancy due to theoretical risks to the fetus.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with a history of moderate to severe headache pain associated with nausea and vomiting is diagnosed with migraines. Which medication would the NP prescribe initially?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sumatriptan. Sumatriptan is a specific medication used for acute migraine treatment by targeting serotonin receptors to reduce inflammation and pain. It is the initial choice due to its efficacy in relieving migraine symptoms. Meperidine (A) and Butorphanol (B) are opioid analgesics with potential for abuse and not recommended for routine migraine treatment. Aspirin (C) is a non-specific pain reliever and may not provide adequate relief for migraines compared to specific migraine medications like Sumatriptan.