“FISH” makes it easy to detect chromosome rearrangements because

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because during Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), the fluorescent probes specifically bind to target DNA sequences on chromosomes. When there is a rearrangement, the probes will separate or change color at the breakpoints, indicating the presence of a chromosomal rearrangement. This makes it easy to detect the location and extent of the rearrangement. Choice A is incorrect because FISH probes can bind to both normal and rearranged chromosomes. Choice B is incorrect because FISH probes do not cause chromosomes to change color; they simply show the presence of rearrangements through color separation. Choice D is incorrect because FISH probes are not full of rearranged chromosomes; they are used to detect rearrangements on chromosomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Unbalanced translocations, aneuploidy, and aneusomy can all be recurrent in a family due to genetic factors being passed down through generations. Unbalanced translocations involve an abnormal chromosomal arrangement, aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes, and aneusomy refers to an abnormal number of copies of a particular chromosome. These genetic abnormalities can be inherited and recur in families, making D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the effective dose is a measurement that accounts for the different biological effects of various types of radiation on tissues or organs. It takes into consideration factors like the type of radiation, the energy, and the sensitivity of the exposed tissue. This makes it a more accurate representation of the potential harm caused by radiation exposure compared to simply measuring the amount of radiation present in the body (choice A) or accounting for shielding effects (choice B). Choice D is incorrect because the effective dose is not the same for gamma rays, beta particles, and alpha particles due to their different penetration abilities and biological impacts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ionizing radiation is indeed higher energy, includes particles, and can ionize water, distinguishing it from non-ionizing radiation. Choice A is correct as ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, has high enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms. Choice B is correct as ionizing radiation includes alpha and beta particles, which are charged particles. Choice C is correct as ionizing radiation can ionize water molecules, leading to the formation of free radicals. Therefore, all of the statements in choices A, B, and C are true, making option D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, taking showers and baths. This is because, on average, showers and baths account for the largest portion of residential water use in the US. Watering lawns and washing clothes also consume significant amounts of water, but not as much as personal hygiene activities. Flushing toilets, while a daily necessity, uses less water compared to showers and baths. Therefore, D is the correct choice based on water usage statistics and typical household habits.