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free microbiology test bank questions pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
Fires from combustibles such as wood require type __________ fire extinguishers.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because fires from combustibles such as wood fall under Class A fires. Type A fire extinguishers are specifically designed to extinguish fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood, paper, and cloth. Choice B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the correct classification of the fire. Choice B refers to Class B fires involving flammable liquids, Choice C refers to Class C fires involving electrical equipment, and Choice D refers to Class D fires involving combustible metals. It is crucial to match the type of fire extinguisher with the type of fire to effectively combat the fire.
Question 2 of 5
A patient suffering form tuberculosis was treated with rifampicin, which caused drug resistance of tuberculosis mycobacteria. In order to reduce mycobacteria resistance, rifampicin should be combined with the following drug:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Isoniazid. When rifampicin is used alone, there is a risk of developing resistance. Isoniazid is commonly used in combination with rifampicin to prevent resistance by targeting different mechanisms in the bacteria. Isoniazid works by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis, while rifampicin targets RNA polymerase. This combination therapy is known as the first-line treatment for tuberculosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not have the same mechanism of action as isoniazid and would not be effective in preventing rifampicin resistance.
Question 3 of 5
After a prolonged isoniazid treatment, the patient developed polyneuritis, paresthesia, memory disorders, and convulsions. What is the most likely mechanism of the described isoniazid side-effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Isoniazid inhibits pyridoxal phosphate synthesis, which is the active form of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal phosphate is essential for various enzymatic reactions, including neurotransmitter synthesis and myelin formation. Therefore, isoniazid-induced pyridoxal phosphate deficiency can lead to neurological symptoms like polyneuritis, paresthesia, memory disorders, and convulsions. A: Disruption of cell membrane synthesis - This is not the mechanism of isoniazid side-effects. B: Inhibition of protein synthesis - Isoniazid does not directly inhibit protein synthesis. C: Inhibition of RNA-synthesis - Isoniazid does not inhibit RNA synthesis; it affects vitamin B6 metabolism.
Question 4 of 5
A patient complained about a carbuncle on his face. Examination results: neither dense nor painful edema of subcutaneous cellular tissue, there is black crust in the middle of the carbuncle and peripheral vesicular rash around it. Bacteriological examination revealed presence of immobile streptobacilli able of capsulation. What microorganisms are causative agents of this disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bacillus anthracoides. 1. The patient's symptoms align with cutaneous anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis. 2. Presence of immobile streptobacilli able of capsulation matches the characteristics of Bacillus anthracis. 3. Symptoms such as black crust, peripheral vesicular rash, and non-painful edema are classic for cutaneous anthrax. 4. Choice A: Bacillus antracis is a misspelling, not a valid option. 5. Choice B: Staphylococcus aureus does not match the symptoms described in the scenario. 6. Choice D: Bacillus megaterium is not associated with cutaneous anthrax.
Question 5 of 5
A lot of pyoinflammatory processes in oral cavity are caused by anaerobes. What nutrient medium can be used for control of wound textile contamination by anaerobes?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kitt-Tarozzi. This medium contains blood and hemin, which are essential nutrients for the growth of anaerobes. Blood provides a source of iron, while hemin stimulates the growth of anaerobes. This combination creates an environment conducive for the isolation and identification of anaerobic organisms. B: Endo and C: Roux are selective media primarily used for the isolation of gram-negative bacteria and not specifically designed for anaerobes. D: Sabouraud's is a medium used for the cultivation of fungi, not anaerobes. In summary, Kitt-Tarozzi is the correct choice due to its specific nutrient composition that supports the growth of anaerobes, unlike the other options which are not suitable for this purpose.