Fentanyl is used as analgesia during operative and postoperative procedures. Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with fentanyl use?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fentanyl typically causes hypotension, nausea, and vomiting, but it does not cause acidosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypothyroidism is not a typical risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Meningocele is a type of neural tube defect in which there is herniation of the meninges (protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) through a defect in the spinal column. This results in the formation of a sac-like protrusion that contains the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid but does not involve the spinal cord itself. In meningocele, the spinal cord remains in its normal position within the spinal canal. This condition is typically associated with spina bifida, a neural tube defect that occurs during early embryological development. Unlike myelomeningocele, which involves both the spinal cord and meninges protruding through the spinal column, meningocele specifically refers to the presence of a sac containing the meninges and spinal fluid without direct involvement of the spinal cord.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, and it can be caused by viruses, toxins, or chemicals and drugs. Bacteria, however, do not typically cause hepatitis. Common viral causes of hepatitis include hepatitis A, B, and C. Toxins like alcohol and certain medications, as well as exposure to chemicals, can also lead to hepatitis. Therefore, bacteria are not considered one of the primary causes of hepatitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cleansing the cord with water daily - It is important to keep the umbilical cord clean to prevent infection. Cleaning it with water helps remove any debris or bacteria that may have accumulated.