Female reproductive system arises from

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The female reproductive system arises from Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts. These ducts develop into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper part of the vagina. Initially present in both sexes, in females, they persist and differentiate into the female reproductive organs under the influence of estrogen. Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts develop into male reproductive structures. Aldosterone is a hormone related to electrolyte balance and has no direct role in female reproductive system development. FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle development but does not play a role in the initial development of the female reproductive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: parturition. Parturition refers to the process of giving birth. It involves the series of events that lead to the expulsion of the fetus from the mother's womb. Lactation (choice A) is the production of milk by the mammary glands after birth. Gestation (choice B) is the period of development of the fetus in the womb. Micturition (choice C) is the process of urination and is not related to childbirth. Therefore, the term that specifically describes the process of giving birth is parturition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amenorrhea. Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation, which can be caused by various factors such as hormonal imbalances, stress, pregnancy, or medical conditions. Rhinorrhea (A) is the medical term for a runny nose, unrelated to menstruation. Menorrhagia (C) is excessive menstrual bleeding, the opposite of absence of menstruation. Leucorrhea (D) is a vaginal discharge, not related to the absence of menstruation. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it directly addresses the absence of menstruation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Episiotomy. An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening and prevent severe perineal tears. This procedure is performed to facilitate the delivery of the baby and reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. Perineorrhaphy (A) is a surgical repair of a perineal tear or episiotomy after childbirth, not the procedure of making the incision. Cesarean section (C) is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus, not related to perineal tears. Tubal ligation (D) is a permanent form of female sterilization by blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy, not relevant to perineal tears during childbirth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Parietal bone. The parietal bone forms the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium. It articulates with other bones, such as the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones, to create the structure of the skull. The frontal bone (A) forms the forehead, the temporal bone (B) is located on the sides of the skull, and the occipital bone (D) forms the back and base of the skull. Therefore, the parietal bone is the only bone among the choices that specifically fits the description of forming the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium.