Family history in nocturnal enuresis is positive in

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding the relationship between family history and nocturnal enuresis is crucial for effective intervention. The correct answer is D) 70% because a positive family history significantly increases the likelihood of a child experiencing nocturnal enuresis. Genetic predisposition, inherited bladder abnormalities, and familial stressors can all contribute to this condition, making it more prevalent in children with a family history of enuresis. Option A) 10% is incorrect because the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children with a positive family history is much higher than this conservative estimate. Option B) 30% is also incorrect as it underestimates the impact of familial factors on the occurrence of enuresis. Option C) 50% is closer to the actual prevalence but still falls short of the substantial influence of family history on the condition. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering familial factors when assessing and managing pediatric genitourinary issues. By understanding the strong correlation between family history and conditions like nocturnal enuresis, nurses can provide more targeted interventions and support for affected children and their families. This knowledge underscores the need for comprehensive assessments that take into account both genetic and environmental influences on pediatric health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing interventions, understanding the etiology of symptoms like dysuria, urgency, and frequency is crucial for accurate assessment and management. In this context, the correct answer is B) bladder. The irritative symptoms mentioned typically indicate the presence of a bladder calculus. Calculi in the bladder can lead to irritation of the bladder wall, causing these symptoms. This understanding is essential for nurses to provide appropriate care and intervention for pediatric patients presenting with these symptoms. Option A) urethra is incorrect because calculi in the urethra usually present with symptoms like obstructive voiding rather than irritative symptoms. Option C) distal ureter is incorrect because calculi in this location commonly cause flank pain and hematuria rather than the irritative symptoms described in the question. Option D) middle part of ureter is also incorrect as calculi in this location often present with colicky flank pain radiating to the groin, rather than the irritative symptoms associated with bladder calculi. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing different symptoms associated with calculi in various locations along the genitourinary tract. Understanding these distinctions is vital for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment in pediatric patients with genitourinary issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cystinuria is a genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal transport of the amino acid cystine in the kidneys and bladder, leading to the formation of cystine stones in the urinary tract. The correct answer, "D) alkaline urine," is the characteristic feature of cystinuria. In this condition, due to the high pH of the urine, cystine becomes less soluble and precipitates out, forming stones. Option A, "X-linked recessive inheritance," is incorrect because cystinuria is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning both parents must pass on a mutated gene for a child to be affected. Option B, "decreased cystine urinary excretion," is also incorrect as cystinuria is characterized by increased cystine excretion. Option C, "renal tubular acidosis," is not associated with cystinuria as it is a separate kidney disorder involving a problem with the kidney tubules and acid-base balance. In an educational context, understanding the pathophysiology of cystinuria is crucial for pediatric genitourinary nurses to provide appropriate care and interventions for pediatric patients with this condition. Nurses need to be aware of the characteristic features of cystinuria to assist in diagnosis, management, and prevention of complications such as kidney stones in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) all of the above. The Potter phenotype, also known as Potter sequence or syndrome, refers to a constellation of physical characteristics seen in newborns due to oligohydramnios (reduced volume of amniotic fluid). This condition can be caused by various underlying genitourinary abnormalities, such as renal agenesis (absence of one or both kidneys), renal dysplasia (abnormal development of the kidneys), and obstructive uropathy (blockage in the urinary tract). Renal agenesis can lead to a lack of urine production, resulting in oligohydramnios. Renal dysplasia can also impair kidney function and urine production, contributing to oligohydramnios. Obstructive uropathy can cause a blockage in the urinary system, leading to a backup of urine and subsequent oligohydramnios. It is important for nurses specializing in pediatric genitourinary care to understand the various causes of the Potter phenotype as it can have significant implications for the newborn's renal function and overall health. Recognizing these underlying conditions early on can help in providing appropriate nursing interventions and support for both the infant and their family.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding conditions like multicystic dysplastic kidneys is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, C) autosomal dominant inheritance, is right because multicystic dysplastic kidneys are not inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; instead, they are typically sporadic, arising from abnormal fetal kidney development. This condition is usually unilateral (A) and has an incidence of 1:2,000 (B), making options A and B accurate. Educationally, knowing the genetic implications of multicystic dysplastic kidneys helps nurses provide accurate information to families and tailor care plans effectively. Understanding the incorrect options reinforces the importance of recognizing common characteristics and inheritance patterns of pediatric renal conditions, facilitating prompt diagnosis and intervention. This knowledge is essential for pediatric nurses to deliver optimal care and support to patients and their families facing genitourinary challenges.