Family focussed social work originated in the 1880s with:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Charity Organization Societies. This is the correct answer because the Charity Organization Societies (COS) were one of the pioneering organizations in the late 19th century that promoted the idea of family-focused social work. They emphasized systematic investigation of the causes of poverty and the importance of providing personalized assistance to families in need. Option A, the Settlement House movement, while also significant in the history of social work, focused more on providing social services and cultural activities to immigrant communities rather than specifically on family-centered care. Option C, Baltimore Charity Organization, is a specific entity and not representative of the broader movement towards family-focused social work. Option D, Toynbee Hall, was a settlement house in London that aimed to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor through education and social reform, but it did not specifically pioneer family-centered social work practices. Understanding the historical context of family-centered care in social work is important for nursing students as it provides insights into the evolution of social work principles and practices. By learning about the origins of family-focused social work, students can appreciate the significance of holistic and client-centered approaches in nursing practice today.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take is to choose option A) Call the doctor and advise them that the client's physical status has significantly changed and that they have just had a cardiopulmonary arrest. This is the most appropriate response because it aligns with the principles of family-centered care and ethical nursing practice. Calling the doctor immediately ensures that the healthcare team is alerted to the change in the client's condition and can provide guidance on the next steps. In situations where the nurse believes that further life-saving measures would be futile and not in the best interest of the patient, it is crucial to involve the healthcare provider in decision-making to ensure that the client receives appropriate care and support at the end of life. Option B is incorrect because initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other emergency life-saving measures would go against the client's advance directive, which clearly states the client's wishes for end-of-life care. Option C is also incorrect as it does not prioritize the immediate medical intervention that the client requires in this critical situation. Option D is incorrect as it does not address the urgent need to involve the healthcare team in the decision-making process. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of understanding and respecting advance directives, effective communication within the healthcare team, and advocating for the best interest of the client in end-of-life care situations. It underscores the significance of timely and appropriate actions in critical care settings, emphasizing the nurse's role in facilitating collaborative decision-making for optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of multidisciplinary case conferences in nursing is to plan and provide for optimal client outcomes (Option B). These conferences bring together healthcare professionals from various disciplines to discuss, collaborate, and develop comprehensive care plans for patients. By pooling their expertise, knowledge, and perspectives, the team can create individualized care plans that address the holistic needs of the patient and aim for the best possible outcomes. Option A is incorrect because while collaboration is an essential aspect of multidisciplinary case conferences, it is not the primary goal. These conferences go beyond fulfilling the nurse's role in collaboration to focus on the overall client outcomes. Option C is incorrect because while these conferences may involve solving complex patient care problems, the overarching goal is not just to solve problems but to plan and provide for optimal client outcomes. Option D is incorrect as the primary purpose of multidisciplinary case conferences is not to provide educational experiences for experienced nurses. While learning and professional development may occur during these conferences, they are not the main goal. In an educational context, understanding the goal of multidisciplinary case conferences is crucial for nurses to engage effectively in collaborative practice and contribute to comprehensive care planning that prioritizes optimal client outcomes. By participating in these conferences, nurses can enhance their teamwork skills, critical thinking, and decision-making abilities, all of which are essential for providing high-quality patient care in a multidisciplinary setting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care in nursing, obtaining informed consent is a critical aspect of respecting patients' autonomy and involving them in their healthcare decisions. The correct answer, D, "When the procedure or treatment will be done," is not an essential minimal component of the teaching prior to obtaining informed consent. While it is important for patients to understand the timeline of their care, the timing of the procedure is not a key factor in ensuring informed decision-making. Options A, B, and C are essential components of the teaching required for informed consent. A) The purpose of the proposed treatment or procedure is crucial for patients to understand why a particular intervention is being recommended. B) Discussing the expected outcomes of the proposed treatment or procedure helps patients make an informed decision about their care. C) Knowing who will perform the treatment or procedure is essential for patients to have confidence in the healthcare team and understand who will be involved in their care. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students to grasp the significance of each component of the informed consent process to ensure that patients are fully informed and engaged in their healthcare decisions. Understanding the rationale behind each element helps students provide comprehensive and patient-centered care, promoting trust and collaboration between healthcare providers and patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the scenario of transferring a paralyzed client from the bed to a chair for the first time with the assistance of another person, the best and safest option is to use a mechanical lift (Option B). Using a mechanical lift is the safest choice because it provides optimal support and minimizes the risk of injury to both the client and the caregivers. It allows for a controlled and smooth transfer, especially when dealing with a paralyzed client who may have limited mobility and muscle strength. Using a slide board (Option A) may not provide enough support for the client during the transfer, increasing the risk of falls or injuries. A gait belt (Option C) is suitable for clients who can bear some weight and participate in the transfer process, which may not be the case for a paralyzed client. Notifying the client's doctor (Option D) without attempting a safe transfer first is not appropriate as it delays necessary care and does not address the immediate need for transferring the client. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate transfer techniques is crucial for nursing students to ensure the safety and well-being of their clients. It is essential to prioritize proper body mechanics and equipment use to prevent accidents and promote effective patient care.