ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed results in
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Excess pituitary growth hormone post-puberty, when epiphyseal plates are closed, causes acromegaly bone thickening, not height increase (gigantism, pre-closure). Tetany is calcium-related, kidney failure unrelated. Acromegaly's post-growth distinction is key, critical for diagnosing pituitary disorders, contrasting with pre-pubertal effects.
Question 2 of 5
The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH, made by the hypothalamus, for labor/fluid balance. Anterior pituitary produces GH, TSH, prolactin, FSH; adrenals make glucocorticoids/androgens. Oxytocin-ADH storage distinguishes its role, key to neurohypophyseal function, contrasting with synthesis sites.
Question 3 of 5
Which among the following is known as the smallest gland in the human body?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pineal gland, at 5-8 mm in the brain's epithalamus, is the smallest endocrine gland, producing melatonin for sleep regulation. The pituitary (larger, pea-sized) controls other glands, parotid (salivary) and Ebner's (tongue) are exocrine not endocrine. Pineal's diminutive size and endocrine role distinguish it, vital for circadian rhythms, contrasting with larger or ducted glands.
Question 4 of 5
a deficiency of parathyroid hormone is likely to lead to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) reduces blood calcium by decreasing bone resorption and kidney reabsorption, leading to neuromuscular hyperexcitability tetany, cramps due to low Ca²⺠destabilizing nerve membranes. PO₄ rises, not falls, as PTH normally increases its excretion. Kidney stones occur with high calcium (hyperparathyroidism), not low. It's not self-limiting chronic without treatment (e.g., calcium supplements). Hyperexcitability reflects calcium's role in nerve stability, distinguishing it as PTH's key deficit effect, critical for neuromuscular function, unlike phosphate, stones, or transient illness.
Question 5 of 5
ADH secretion is increased by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin II stimulates ADH (vasopressin) release from the posterior pituitary, enhancing water retention to raise blood volume in hypovolemia. Alcohol inhibits ADH, causing diuresis. Carbamazepine can increase ADH (SIADH risk), but isn't primary. High ECF volume suppresses ADH via stretch receptors. Angiotensin II's role distinguishes it, key to RAAS-ADH synergy, unlike inhibitory or secondary triggers.