ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed results in _______.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acromegaly. After body growth is completed, excess growth hormone causes the bones and soft tissues to continue growing abnormally, leading to enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Gigantism occurs before growth plates close, resulting in overall increased body size. Tetany is caused by low calcium levels, not excess growth hormone. Kidney failure is unrelated to pituitary hormone regulation.
Question 2 of 5
Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of ________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: cortisol. Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, primarily in the liver. Cortisol plays a key role in stimulating gluconeogenesis by promoting the breakdown of proteins and fats to generate substrates for glucose production. Aldosterone, insulin, and secretin do not directly stimulate gluconeogenesis. Aldosterone regulates electrolyte balance, insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage, and secretin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion. Cortisol is the hormone responsible for activating gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Question 3 of 5
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the ability of a tissue or organ to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of specific receptors on the cells of the target tissue. These receptors are like locks that only fit the specific key (hormone). Without the appropriate receptors, the hormone cannot initiate a response. A: The location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path may affect the speed of hormone delivery but does not determine the tissue's ability to respond. B: The membrane potential of the cells of the target organ relates to cell signaling but does not determine the specificity of hormone response. D: This choice is incorrect because hormones are specific and can only bind to cells with the appropriate receptors, making the statement that all hormones can stimulate any cell type nonsensical.
Question 4 of 5
Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte and fluid balance, with aldosterone being the primary mineralocorticoid. Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism and immune response, with cortisol being the primary glucocorticoid. Therefore, the correct answer is C: cortisol. Testosterone (A) and estrogen (B) are sex hormones, not corticosteroids. Epinephrine (D) is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, not a corticosteroid.
Question 5 of 5
In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Up-regulation refers to the process where cells increase the number of receptors in response to increased hormone levels. Step 2: This allows cells to become more sensitive to the hormone and maintain homeostasis. Step 3: The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the phenomenon of up-regulation. Step 4: Option A refers to sensitivity reaction in general, not specifically related to hormone receptors. Step 5: Option B does not accurately describe the process of increasing receptor numbers. Step 6: Option D mentions a reaction to a stressor, which is not directly related to the regulation of hormone receptors.