Failure of muscle coordination, including unsteady movements and staggering walk due to disorders in the cerebellum is called:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D: Ataxia. Ataxia refers to the failure of muscle coordination, resulting in unsteady movements and a staggering walk. The cerebellum controls balance and coordination, so disorders in this area can lead to ataxia. A: Anoxia refers to a lack of oxygen supply to tissues, not related to muscle coordination. B: Dyslexia is a learning disorder involving difficulty with reading, unrelated to muscle coordination. C: Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower half of the body, not specifically related to muscle coordination issues seen in ataxia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. Administering immunizations is a key example of primary prevention as it directly targets the prevention of infectious diseases by building immunity. Immunizations protect individuals from getting sick in the first place, aligning with the primary prevention goal. Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors (choice B) is more focused on health promotion rather than disease prevention. Educating about regular check-ups (choice C) falls under secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Screening for early signs of disease (choice D) is also considered secondary prevention as it aims to identify diseases at an early stage.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because implementing community-wide health campaigns targets the entire community rather than individuals, making it a community-level intervention. This approach aims to create widespread behavior change and improve health outcomes across the entire community. In contrast, options A and B focus on individual or small group actions, while option C is more of a service delivery intervention at the individual level. By choosing option D, the intervention has a broader reach and impact on the community's overall health status.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Brudzinski sign. This sign is used to diagnose meningitis because it involves the involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed. This reflex is indicative of meningeal irritation and is a classic sign of meningitis. A: Homan's sign is used to assess for deep vein thrombosis, not meningitis. C: Startle reflex is a normal response to a sudden unexpected stimulus, not specific to meningitis. D: Anterior drawer test is used to assess for ligamentous instability in the knee, not related to meningitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Bone marrow puncture is not indicated for analgesia but for diagnostic purposes. 2. Antibiotics may be indicated to prevent infection during the procedure. 3. Anaesthesia may be used to minimize pain and discomfort. 4. Inflammation is a condition that may necessitate bone marrow puncture for diagnosis. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it does not align with the therapeutic indications of bone marrow puncture.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary focus of public health is preventing disease and promoting health. This is because public health aims to improve the overall health of populations through preventive measures such as vaccinations, health education, and policy interventions. By focusing on prevention, public health addresses the root causes of health issues and promotes well-being on a larger scale. Providing health education (choice B) is a component of public health but not the primary focus. Ensuring access to health care services (choice C) is important but falls under healthcare delivery rather than public health. Reducing health disparities (choice D) is a goal of public health but not the primary focus, as it is a part of the broader mission to promote health equity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is incorrect to state that the nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery. Informed consent for surgery is typically obtained by the physician performing the procedure, not the nurse. Nurses can assist in the process by providing information and clarifying details, but ultimately it is the physician's responsibility to ensure the patient understands the procedure and consents to it. Choice B is correct as minors under 18 years of age generally require a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form on their behalf. Choice C is correct as nurses can witness the client signing the consent form as a part of the process. Choice D is also correct as it is indeed the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician before obtaining informed consent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because community health nursing focuses on improving the quality of life for individuals and families through health promotion and disease prevention. This encompasses a holistic approach that considers social determinants of health and empowers communities to make informed decisions. Providing curative services (A) is not the primary focus of community health nursing, as it aims to prevent illness before it occurs. Conducting research (D) is important but not a key objective of direct community health nursing practice. While promoting health and preventing disease (C) is a key objective, improving the quality of life (B) captures the overarching goal of community health nursing more comprehensively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Economic stability, as it directly influences access to healthcare, housing, education, and nutritious food, impacting overall health. Genetic predisposition (A) refers to inherited traits, not external factors. Personal health behaviors (B) are individual choices. Biological factors (C) focus on physical attributes, not societal influences. Economic stability (D) aligns with social determinants by addressing social, economic, and environmental factors that shape health outcomes.