ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Extracellular fluid composes the majority of all the fluid in the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Extracellular fluid does not compose the majority of all the fluid in the body. Intracellular fluid actually makes up the majority of the body's fluid. This is because intracellular fluid is contained within the cells, while extracellular fluid is found outside the cells. Other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the composition of body fluids.
Question 2 of 5
ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, whereas ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. ECF volume regulation is essential for maintaining blood pressure through mechanisms like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. On the other hand, ECF osmolarity regulation is crucial to prevent cell shrinkage or swelling due to changes in solute concentrations. Therefore, it is accurate to say that ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, and ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the relationship between ECF volume, osmolarity regulation, and their respective purposes in the body.
Question 3 of 5
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates blood pressure by reducing the amount of Na+ that is reabsorbed in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system works to regulate blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of Na+ in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys. Renin is released in response to low blood pressure, which leads to the formation of angiotensin II, stimulating the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the distal and collecting tubules to increase Na+ reabsorption, leading to water retention and increased blood volume, ultimately raising blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a detailed explanation of how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system functions in regulating blood pressure.
Question 4 of 5
Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: In a hypertonic extracellular fluid (ECF), there is a higher solute concentration outside the cell. Step 2: Due to osmosis, water will move from an area of low solute concentration (inside the cell) to high solute concentration (outside the cell). Step 3: As a result, cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water to balance the solute concentration. Step 4: Therefore, the statement "Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis" is true. Summary: Choice A is correct because water moves out of the cell in a hypertonic environment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation based on osmosis principles.
Question 5 of 5
Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus do sense changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) tonicity. When ECF becomes hypertonic, these osmoreceptors are activated, leading to the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to increase water reabsorption and maintain body fluid balance. The other choices are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or reasoning.