External occipital protuberance is also called:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The external occipital protuberance, a midline bump on the occipital bone, is termed the inion, a landmark for neck muscle attachment (e.g., trapezius). The nasion is the forehead-nose junction, a facial point. The acromion, on the scapula, is a shoulder feature, not cranial. The mental protuberance is the chin's prominence on the mandible. Inion's specific occipital location and role in muscle anchorage distinguish it, aligning with skull anatomy, unlike facial, shoulder, or mandibular misnomers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The temporalis muscle spans the side of the head, originating from the temporal bone's fossa and inserting on the mandible, elevating it for chewing. The forehead hosts frontalis for brow movement. The neck has muscles like sternocleidomastoid for head turning. The chin area features mentalis for lip motion. Temporalis' lateral cranial position and masticatory role distinguish it, essential for jaw closure, unlike forehead, neck, or chin functions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Triceps brachii extends the forearm, straightening the elbow, with its three heads inserting on the ulna. Biceps brachii flexes it. Brachialis flexes beneath biceps. Deltoid abducts the arm, not elbow-focused. Triceps' extension role distinguishes it, essential for pushing, unlike flexors or shoulder movers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gram-positive bacteria, with thick peptidoglycan walls, secrete potent, soluble proteins known as exotoxins into the bloodstream. These toxins, like tetanus or botulinum toxins, are released during bacterial growth, targeting specific host cells and causing diseases such as diphtheria or food poisoning. Endotoxins, conversely, are lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria's outer membranes, released upon cell lysis, not secreted. The generic term 'toxin' lacks specificity, and 'none of the above' dismisses the clear distinction. Exotoxins' solubility in plasma and their secretion mechanism highlight their role in pathogenesis, contrasting with endotoxins' structural origin, making them the precise answer for gram-positive bacterial products.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Animals are heterotrophs, obtaining nutrients by consuming organic matter. Bread mold, a fungus, also functions heterotrophically, secreting enzymes to break down external organic substrates like bread, absorbing the products. Seaweed, oak trees, and grass are autotrophs, using photosynthesis to synthesize food from sunlight. Bread mold's reliance on external digestion and absorption mirrors animal nutrition, unlike plants' self-production, making it the closest match in nutritive strategy, reflecting shared ecological roles as decomposers or consumers.