Extensive but selective memory loss is known as:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the realm of psychobiologic disorders, extensive but selective memory loss is classified as Dissociative Amnesia, which is the correct answer (D). Dissociative Amnesia is a condition where a person experiences memory loss that is more extensive than normal forgetfulness and is often triggered by a traumatic or stressful event. This type of amnesia involves forgetting important personal information and events, while other memories remain intact. Option A) None is incorrect as there is a specific term, Dissociative Amnesia, that describes the memory loss mentioned in the question. Option B) Identity Disorder is incorrect as it refers to Dissociative Identity Disorder, a condition where a person has multiple distinct identities or personality states. Option C) Depersonalization is incorrect as it is a dissociative symptom characterized by feeling detached from oneself or feeling like an outside observer of one's thoughts, feelings, or actions. Educationally, understanding psychobiologic disorders like Dissociative Amnesia is crucial for mental health professionals, psychologists, and even individuals themselves. By recognizing the symptoms and characteristics of different disorders, appropriate interventions and support can be provided to those experiencing such conditions. This knowledge also helps reduce stigma and promote empathy and understanding towards individuals struggling with psychobiologic disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer for this question is C) Dissociative fugue. In psychobiologic disorders, dissociative fugue is characterized by sudden, unexpected travel away from home, often coupled with amnesia regarding one's past and confusion about one's identity. This behavior is a coping mechanism to deal with extreme stress or conflict. A) Dissociative amnesia is characterized by memory loss, but it does not involve sudden travel away from home. B) Depersonalization is a feeling of being detached from oneself, not necessarily involving physical travel. Educationally, understanding these distinctions is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and provide appropriate interventions for individuals experiencing psychobiologic disorders. Recognizing the specific symptoms and behaviors associated with each disorder can lead to more effective treatment plans and support for patients. It is essential for educators to emphasize these differences to ensure students can apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Conversion disorder. Conversion disorder is characterized by the presence of neurological symptoms, such as temporary loss of consciousness or sensory disturbances, that cannot be explained by a known medical condition. In Rahul's case, experiencing sudden and temporary fluctuations of consciousness that blot out painful experiences aligns with the symptomatology of conversion disorder, where psychological stressors manifest as physical symptoms. Option A) Mood disorder and option D) Depressive disorder primarily involve disturbances in mood, such as persistent sadness, loss of interest, or changes in appetite and sleep patterns. These disorders do not typically present with sudden fluctuations in consciousness like conversion disorder. Option B) Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks and intense feelings of fear or impending doom, often accompanied by physical symptoms like heart palpitations or sweating. While panic disorder can involve alterations in consciousness during a panic attack, it does not typically manifest as temporary blotting out of painful experiences without a clear trigger. Educationally, understanding the nuances of different psychobiological disorders is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning in clinical practice. Recognizing the distinct features of conversion disorder, such as the conversion of psychological distress into physical symptoms, helps healthcare professionals provide appropriate care and support to individuals experiencing such conditions. This case highlights the importance of considering psychological factors in the presentation of physical symptoms and underscores the interconnectedness of mental and physical health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Autism. Autism is a developmental disorder that manifests in marked difficulties in social interaction and communication. Individuals with autism often struggle with understanding and engaging in social cues, have challenges in forming relationships, and may exhibit repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Option B) Impulsivity refers to acting without thinking, making quick decisions without considering consequences. While impulsivity can be a characteristic in some individuals with certain disorders, it is not the primary feature of autism. Option C) Hyperactivity is a symptom commonly associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), characterized by excessive and uncontrollable levels of activity. While individuals with autism may also exhibit hyperactivity, it is not a core feature of the disorder. Option D) Alogia refers to a poverty of speech, which is often seen in individuals with schizophrenia who have difficulty with producing spontaneous speech. This is not a characteristic symptom of autism. Educationally, understanding the distinctive features of different psychobiological disorders is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention. By recognizing the specific characteristics of autism, educators, healthcare professionals, and caregivers can provide targeted support and accommodations to help individuals with autism thrive in various settings. It is essential to raise awareness about autism to promote understanding, acceptance, and inclusive practices in schools and communities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined by deficits in social communication and interaction, including social reciprocity (A) and nonverbal behaviors (B), as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, such as hand-flapping (C). The DSM-5 criteria encompass these features, making 'all of the above' (D) the correct answer.