Exhaling into a paper bag and rebreathing the exhaled air would be expected to

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Exhaling into a paper bag and rebreathing the exhaled air leads to an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the body. This increase stimulates the carotid bodies, which detect changes in blood chemistry, leading to an increase in breathing rate. This process does not directly alert the brain, as high carbon dioxide levels typically cause drowsiness rather than alertness. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it correctly identifies the effects of rebreathing on both breathing rate and carotid body stimulation. Choice A is incorrect because rebreathing does not directly alert the brain. Choice B is incorrect as rebreathing actually decreases the need for increased breathing rate initially. Choice C alone is incorrect as it does not address the effect on breathing rate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (0.3 and 32 mm Hg) because in inspired air, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is low at around 0.3 mm Hg, whereas in expired air, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher at around 32 mm Hg due to gas exchange in the lungs. Choice A (0.3 and 40 mm Hg) is incorrect because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in inspired air is not typically as high as 40 mm Hg. Choice C (40 and 46 mm Hg) is incorrect because the values are reversed; the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in expired air compared to inspired air. Choice D (40 and 0.3 mm Hg) is incorrect as the values are reversed, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in inspired air is not typically as high as 40 mm Hg.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because alveoli increase the surface area for gaseous diffusion, facilitating efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. Option A is incorrect as alveoli do not affect the volume of inspired air. Option B is incorrect as alveoli do not play a role in maintaining lung shape. Option C is incorrect as alveoli do not increase muscles in the lungs for elasticity. Therefore, the primary function of alveoli is to increase surface area for gaseous diffusion, making option D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because applying water-soluble ointment to nares and lips helps prevent skin breakdown and discomfort caused by the oxygen flow. This task is within the scope of practice for assistive personnel (AP) as it does not require specialized medical knowledge or training. Choice B is incorrect because adjusting oxygen flow should only be done by licensed healthcare providers based on the client's prescribed oxygen therapy. Choice C is incorrect as replacing oxygen tubing requires knowledge of oxygen delivery systems and potential risks associated with incorrect tubing selection. Choice D is incorrect because turning the client every 2 hours is a nursing intervention related to preventing pressure ulcers, not specifically related to oxygen therapy comfort measures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a pandemic flu scenario, it is crucial to inquire about recent travel history to identify potential exposure risks. This information can help determine if the "clients" have been in high-risk areas or in contact with infected individuals. This step is essential for implementing appropriate infection control measures and preventing the spread of the virus. Choice A is incorrect because Contact Precautions are not typically used for airborne infections like the flu. Choice C is incorrect as it discriminates against pregnant caregivers without any evidence-based rationale. Choice D is incorrect because enhanced Droplet Precautions are more suitable for diseases spread through respiratory droplets, not necessarily for pandemic flu with potential airborne transmission.