ATI RN
Endocrine System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Exemplify hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: growth hormone and LH. The anterior pituitary gland secretes these hormones. Growth hormone regulates growth, metabolism, and body composition, while LH (luteinizing hormone) plays a role in reproductive function. A: Anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin are produced by the posterior pituitary gland. B: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary, but insulin is produced by the pancreas. D: Thyroxine is released by the thyroid gland, and cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, not the anterior pituitary.
Question 2 of 5
The antagonistic hormone to insulin is __________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: glucagon. Glucagon is the hormone that opposes the actions of insulin by increasing blood glucose levels. When blood sugar levels are low, glucagon signals the liver to release stored glucose, raising blood sugar levels. Cortisol (A) and mineralocorticoids (D) are not directly antagonistic to insulin. Norepinephrine/epinephrine (B) play a role in the fight-or-flight response, but they do not directly counteract insulin's actions on glucose regulation.
Question 3 of 5
The Action of Parathormone in the Human Body
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increases blood calcium level. Parathormone is released by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels. It acts to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps to maintain proper calcium levels in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because parathormone does not have any direct effect on blood sodium levels and actually works to increase, not decrease, blood calcium levels.
Question 4 of 5
In Which of the Following Pairs, the Hormone of Endocrine Glands and Its Primary Action Is Incorrect or Mismatched?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - Melatonin - Regulates the rate of cellular metabolism. Melatonin is a hormone primarily involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, not cellular metabolism. A: Calcitonin - Lower blood calcium levels - Correct. Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels. B: Parathyroid - Raises blood calcium levels - Correct. Parathyroid hormone is released by the parathyroid glands to raise blood calcium levels. C: Somatostatin - Inhibits release of glucagon - Correct. Somatostatin inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin.
Question 5 of 5
The ovaries secrete which of the following hormones?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oestrogen. Ovaries secrete oestrogen, a key female sex hormone involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteinising hormone (B) and follicle stimulating hormone (C) are secreted by the pituitary gland to regulate ovarian function. Oxytocin (D) is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland for uterine contractions and milk ejection, not by the ovaries. Therefore, A is correct as ovaries primarily produce oestrogen.